Introduction:The diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma occurs late in the disease. Poor prognosis of the patient is directly correlated with the occurrence of metastatic lesions. Lymphocytes that have invaded tumors significantly influence how well cancers respond to treatment. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of CD3 TILs receptor in various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective comparative cross sectional (Analytical) study. It was conducted at Department of Pathology, Peshawar Medical College from August 2020 to August 2021. Sample size was calculated through G Power and 104 patients were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Chi Square test was performed for categorical variables. Results: It was observed in our study that the mean age of OSCC was 59.16 ± 13.549 SD. Half of the cases were > 60 years (n= 52, 50%) and half of the cases were < 60 years (n= 52, 50%). The male to female ratio was approximately 2:1. The most common site involved by OSCC was buccal mucosa (n=39, 37.5 %) followed by tongue (n = 31, 29.8 %). Most OSCC were well differentiated (n=54, 51.9%), followed by moderately differentiated cases (n=29, 27.9%) and poorly differentiated (n=21 cases, 20.2 %). The p value hence showed a significant difference for intratumoral and intrastromal CD3 TILs expression and grades of OSCC cases (P-value <0.0001). Conclusion:Well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma has the highest CD3 TILs level, followed by moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC.

Due to a high risk and tendency of OPMDs towards OSCC, its early detection is essential for better survival rate. Several molecular markers are available for diagnosis and prognostic assessments of OPMDs, also evaluating aggressiveness of OSCC. Objectives: To assess the immuno-histochemical expression of Cyclin D1 in OSCC, OPMDs, and normal healthy oral mucosa. Cyclin D1 has a significant role in cell cycle control and also strongly linked with the metastatic and poorly differentiated tumour cells. Methods: The study comprised of already diagnosed 20 cases of OSCC, 20 cases of OPMDs, and 20 normal oral mucosa cells, as a control. Results: Cyclin D1 immuno-reactivity was found positive in 100% cases of OPMDs, and 100% in OSCC but not in normal oral mucosa cells. Conclusion: A statistically significant expression of Cyclin D1 was observed in OPMDs which may indicate the probability of their transformation to OSCC.

Introduction: Oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the ten most common carcinomas in the world. The survival rate of OSSC is poor due to its diagnosis at advanced stages, The main function of p16 in the body is to halt the tumor process, but genetic mutation may result in the development of OSCC. Objectives: The aim and objective was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of p16 in various grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective comparative cross-sectional (Analytical) study. It was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Peshawar Medical College from August 2020 to August 2021. The sample size was calculated through G Power and 103 patients were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Chi-Square test was performed for categorical variables. Results: It was observed in our study that the mean age of OSCC was 59.16 ± 13 SD. The commonest effected age was 61-70 years (29%). The male to female ratio was approximately 1.2:1. The most common site involved by OSCC was buccal mucosa (n=49, 47%) followed by the tongue (n = 29, 29%). The p16 expression was positive in most OSCC were well differentiated (n=50, 92.5%), followed by moderately differentiated cases (n=26, 92.8%) and poorly differentiated (n=81, cases, 85.7%). There was no significant difference for p16 expression and grades of OSCC cases (P-value =0.601). Conclusion:The expression of p16 was more common in Well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma, followed by moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC.