Nonprofit organizations in the United

This study compared the 40-item Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy (AASE) scale with domains of confidence and temptation to a new 12-item version developed by the authors consisting of the same domains. There were 126 participants who completed the survey. Psychometric analysis demonstrated high reliability and validity consisting of high correlations between domains of confidence (α = .92) and temptation (α = .88) in the 40-item version of the scale compared to the briefer version. The 12-item version appears to provide a clinically reliable and valid measure of AASE domains of confidence and temptation, providing a more efficient tool for clinical practice.

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Karl Besel, Ph.D., is professor of public administration and health management at the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Northwest in Gary. Arturo Flores, Ph.D., is a lecturer and researcher at Universidad Anáhuac, Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico. Chae Young Chang, Ph.D., is assistant professor at the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University Northwest. In this article, the authors provide a summary of succession planning strategies (or a lack thereof) that are being implemented by nonprofits in the United States, Europe, and Latin America and discuss how nonprofit organizations, nationally and internationally, can begin to develop cultures of intentional succession planning.