Ziziphora species represent the prototypical example of the Lamiaceae family. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes and phenolic substances belonging to the flavonoids. In Kazakh traditional medicine, Ziziphora species possess several medicinal uses. In particular, Z. bungeana Lam. and Z. clinopodioides Lam. are used for the treatment of illnesses related to the cardiovascular system or to combat different infections. Unfortunately, the majority of the information about the complex Ziziphora species is only available in Russian and Chinese language, therefore, we decided gather all available information on Kazakhstan Ziziphora, namely its content compounds, medicinal uses and published patents, to draw the attention of scientists to this very interesting plant with high medicinal potential.

The chemical composition of the hydroethanolic extracts (60% v/v) from the aerial parts of Thymus marschallianus Willd (TM) and Thymus seravschanicus Klokov (TS) from Southern Kazakhstan flora was analyzed together with their hexane fractions. Determination of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of both extracts was also performed. RP-HPLC/PDA and HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS showed that there were some differences between the composition of both extracts. The most characteristic components of TM were rosmarinic acid, protocatechuic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, and apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, while protocatechuic acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, and eriodictyol predominated in TS. The content of polyplenols was higher in TS than in TM. The GC-MS analysis of the volatile fraction of both examined extracts revealed the presence of thymol and carvacrol. Additionally, sesquiterpenoids, fatty acids, and their ethyl esters were found in TM, and fatty acid methyl esters in TS. The antioxidant activity of both extracts was similar. The antibacterial activity of TS extract was somewhat higher than TM, while antifungal activity was the same. TS extract was the most active against Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 with MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) = 0.625 mg/mL, exerting a bactericidal effect. The obtained data provide novel information about the phytochemistry of both thyme species and suggest new potential application of TS as a source of bioactive compounds, especially with anti-H. pylori activity.

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The present work was intended to develop the new drug in the form of film soluble in the oral cavity: development of its composition, production technology, the study of its antimicrobial activity. The relevance of the problem is caused by the absence of drugs in the form of films on the domestic pharmaceutical market. The optimal composition of films was selected by evaluating a number of physical, chemical and technological indicators of the obtained films. The article indicates the materials used to obtain the drugs in question, presents the technology for their preparation and quality determination methods: unit measurement methods and potentiometric determination of pH, tensiometric and conductometric methods, thin-layer and gas chromatography and others. Antimicrobial activity of the resulting films has been proven in vitro. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-p and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 have been used as the test microorganisms in order to study them by disk diffusion method in agar. The introduction of СО2 extract of Z. bungeana from medicinal plant raw materials as active ingredients in medicinal films will expand the range of complex phytopreparations of the domestic pharmaceutical market for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa.