IntroductionDespite different treatment approaches many drug addicted patients continue to use drugs during and after treatment.ObjectivesPersonality traits are considered risk factors for drug use, and, in turn, the psychoactive substances impact individuals’ traits.AimsTo describe the sample of 186 opioid addicted patients entered hospital treatment and assessing the differences in personality traits between abstinent and non-abstinent after one year.MethodsA cohort of 186 patients consecutively admitted to the detoxification unit was investigated. The research interview, the Big Five Inventory (BFI), the Treatment Outcomes Profile (TOP) were administered during the first week of admission to the detoxification unit. Urine test was administered on the day of admission and at each follow-up point in combination with the TOP (after three, six and twelve months). Illicit drugs abstinence during one year after intake was selected as a treatment outcome measure.ResultsTwelve months after admission 82 (44.9%) patients abstained completely. Agreeable patients remain in treatment longer (r = 0.20, P = 0.07). Extraversion and openness are negatively correlated with abstinence after six and twelve months (r = –0.15, P = 0.041; r = –0.15, P = 0.044). Neuroticism is in negative correlation with duration of treatment (r = –0.20, P = 0.006). Patients who are less open to new experiences are more likely to abstain from drugs 6 months after admission (r = –0.17, P = 0.021).ConclusionPersonality measured with BFI correlates with treatment outcome poorly. At the same time personality could have an important role in responding to treatment, but personality traits could be at the same time protective as well as risk factors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Introduction: Attitudes of nursing employees towards mechanical restraint are directly connected to their incidence. The purpose of this research was to examine the attitudes of psychiatric nursing staff towards the use and administration of mechanical restraints.Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using a structured Heyman-type survey. All the Slovenian nursing staff in psychiatric hospitals participated on a given day (n = 367).Results: Differences were observed in the average duration of administered mechanical restraint between individual hospitals (χ2 = 43.770, p < 0.001). Staff most often stated that patients felt angry when subjected to mechanical restraint (n = 328, 89.4 %). Nonetheless, the majority of respondents believe that mechanical restraints can be an effective therapeutic tool (n = 343, 91.6 %). Females (U = 11450.50, p = 0.025) and with higher education (U = 9527.00, p = 0.002) experience statistically significantly more negative emotions and are less inclined to use mechanical restraints.Discussion and conclusion: It is evident that in addition to the factors we researched some other factors are more influential when the incidences of coercive measures are closely studied. Due to some variation between hospitals it would be advisable to review the current clinical practices in this field. The management of health institutions should be considered an essential factor in the efforts to decrease mechanical restraint use.

IntroductionAccording to the available data, treatment motivation and readiness are closely linked to retention. There are instruments for measuring the stages of motivation and readiness, and predicting treatment retention and outcome.AimThis study describes psychometric properties, while focusing on the reliability of the Slovenian version of the Circumstances, Motivation and Readiness (CMR) scales.MethodsWe included 109 male and female patients with opioid addiction at the Centre for Treatment of Drug Addiction, Ljubljana. The CMR was translated into Slovenian by using the “forward-backward” procedure by our team and its author. Data analysis addressed psychometric properties of the CMR. Internal consistency was examined by applying exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while reliability was examined with Cronbach's coefficient alpha.ResultsCronbach alpha coefficients of reliability were calculated for each of the three CMR subscales and for the total score. The total alpha was 0.842. Alpha for Motivation was 0.860, for Circumstances 0.372 and for Readiness 0.818. Exploratory factor analysis extracted a 3-factor solution with 56% explained total variance. The factors do not provide an exact match with the dimensions C, M and R.ConclusionOn the basis of these results we can conclude that the Slovenian translation of the CMR is a valid instrument for evaluating patients’ motivation and readiness for treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.