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Background: Apoptotic cell recognition triggers profound immunosuppressive responses; relevant recognition determinants are uncharacterized. Results: Surface exposure of glycolytic enzymes is a common early apoptotic event. Conclusion: Externalized glycolytic enzyme molecules are novel apoptotic biomarkers and candidate immunomodulatory/ recognition determinants. Significance: Apoptotic glycolytic enzyme externalization explicates plasminogen binding to mammalian cells and potential mechanisms of immune privilege by commensal bacteria and pathogens.

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