No abstract

Constructed wetlands (CW) are one of the biological wastewater treatment systems that reflect the natural processes occurring in swamps. Constructed wetlands use microbiological and physico-chemical processes as well as plant metabolism in order to purify wastewater. In such treatment systems, the role of microorganisms is crucial. In this experiment, synthetic communal wastewater containing sulfamethoxazole (SMX; chemotherapeutic) at a concentration of 5 mg/l was applied in the CW systems, both unplanted and planted with Phalaris arundinacea , also known as reed canary grass. Fourteen Gram-positive SMX-resistant bacteria strains were isolated from the CW column fillings and the plant rhizosphere. All of these were identified as representatives of Bacillus sp. based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Despite this molecular identification, the isolates differed significantly in their biochemical features. All 14 isolates presented resistance toward sulfamethoxazole and all 14 strains possessed a sul1 gene, while only 4 gave positive results in sul2 and 3 in sul3 PCR tests. None of the isolated strains possessed all three sul genes. A PCR-DGGE based analysis of the presence of SMX-resistant bacteria in the CW community was undertaken. It was found that none of the isolates represented the dominant genotype in the bacterial community.

Article 68 of the Constitution establishes a universal right to health care. However, when considering the legal regulation of the profession of a physiotherapist, the security provided by the constitution is not guaranteed. There is no single, strict act, which would regulate the rights and obligations of patients and physiotherapists. What constituted working as a professional physiotherapist raised many doubts. The Physiotherapists Act of September 25th 2015 has long been awaited by physiotherapists. Its entry into force has a lot of positive aspects. Adopted with the consensus of the professional environment, it provides an opportunity to guarantee the patients’ safety better than ever, and also to develop treatment and cooperation with the countries of Western Europe. The previous lack of legal regulations for the profession of a physiotherapist still carries negative consequences for both the patients and physiotherapists, as it creates a gap that can be exploited by non-physiotherapists who offer their services. The aim of the study was to present the current legal status of the physiotherapist’s profession and to compare it after the Physiotherapists Act entered into force.