Hemangiomas are the most frequent benign hepatic tumours and are usually found in patients aged between 40 and 60 years, more frequently in women. In 30–35% of patients, the lesions are multiple. If the lesions are larger than 4–10 cm, they are coined as “giant” hemangioma. Here, we present a case of giant hemangioma treated with enucleation of the lesion and the advantages of the procedure.

Background: Surgery of umbilical hernias may be challenging due to the heterogeneity of presentation, multiple options for repair, and potential for complications, including infection and recurrence. Laparoscopic repair of a ventral hernia has gained the popularity in recent times for its advantage over the open surgery. Hence the study aimed to compare postoperative complications and quality of life between patients undergoing umbilical hernia repair by open and laparoscopic methods.Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study, conducted in the department of general surgery of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients undergoing umbilical hernia repair by the laparoscopic method and by open surgery were included in the study. The interoperative time, postoperative hospital stays, post-operative complications and quality of life between patients undergoing umbilical hernia repair by open and laparoscopic methods were assessed after the surgery.Results: A total of 64 people were included in the final analysis, with 32 subjects each in each group. 13 (40.6%) were males and 19 (59.4%) females in both the groups. The mean duration of open umbilical hernia surgery was 59.37±10.83, and it was only 46.87±12.74 for laparoscopic surgery. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Post-operative period recovery time in days was significantly lesser for laparoscopic group. Pain score postoperative period was 6.52±0.87 for open surgery and 4.84±0.86 for laparoscopic surgery, and the difference was statically significant (p<0.05).The difference between individual Carolinas comfort scale scores and study group was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: Laparoscopic umbilical hernia leads to lesser operative time, early postoperative recovery and comparatively superior quality of life, as compared to open umbilical hernia repair.

Background: One of the most common endocrine disorder is the thyroid diseases. The prevalence and pattern of these conditions depends on sex, age, ethnic and geographic patterns. The incidence of thyroid nodules increases with the age hence benign and malignant thyroid disease is common in the elderly population. Aim: To compare the complication rate of various thyroid surgeries for benign and malignant diseases in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, Velammal medical college hospital at Tamil Nadu from December 2018-June 2019. The patients who underwent thyroid surgery for various thyroid disorders were enrolled in the study. Results: Out of117 cases, 107 were women and 10 were men. Multinodular goiter (MNG)was the most common (38.46%) condition, followed by solitary nodule (29.06%) and toxic MNG (18.8%). Among women, 40.19% were identified with multinodular goiter followed by solitary nodule (28.97%). Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed for 88.89% of MNGs, while 91.18% of the solitary nodule were managed by hemithyroidectomy Majority of the patients with toxic MNG underwent subtotal thyroidectomy with 99.91%. While 84.61% of the patients with thyroid cancer were treated by total thyroidectomy. The overall incidence of complications was 27.35%. The incidence rate of complications was high in patients with malignant disease, as compared to benign disease (69.23% in Malignant Vs 36.36% in toxic MNG and 24.44% in MNG). Conclusion: Through the present study, it was concluded that the complications associated with the different thyroid surgeries and various precautions that can be taken to reduce the complications.

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Background: Most common anorectal diseases seen in the community is hemorrhoids. The treatment aspect of each stage of hemorrhoids varies. Conservative treatment for first and second stages is preferred. Failure of conservative treatment and advanced diseases hasother options like sclerotherapy, ban ligation, cryosurgery and stapling. The objective of the present study is to compare treatment outcome of rubber band ligation and sclerotherapy in stage 2 hemorrhoid cases. Methods: Prospective observational study including uncomplicated stage 2 hemorrhoids cases was conducted in department of general surgery, Velammal Medical College. Madurai. The study population was divided into two groups by random allocation treatment procedure of rubber band ligation or sclerotherapy was allotted. The study was conducted during March 2018 to December 2018. Results: Total of 116 patients were included for analysis. The mean of group I was 53.2±4.63yrs and in group II was 52.7±5.37 yrs. The male and female distribution was almost similar in both groups. 41 of the group I patients and 37 of group II patients had stage 2 disease. 29% in group I and 36% in group II had stage 3 disease. In group I, 82.75% participants had complete recovery and 10.35% participants had partial recovery. In group II, 79.31% participants had complete recovery and 17.51% participants had partial recovery. The difference in the proportion of post-operative outcomes between study groups was statistically not significant. Comparison of pre and post-operative SS score between the two study groups was statistically significant. Conclusions: Stage 2 and 3 hemorrhoids warranting OPD based interventional procedures were presented with almost similar set of symptoms. The rubber band ligation and injection sclerotherapy both had similar post treatment outcome. Based on the patient's willingness and surgeons' decision any method can be chosen for the benefit of the patient.