Integrated urban land-use planning is becoming increasingly complex in India, as there is noticeable migration of rural population towards developed cities. Main reason behind it being, lack of education and employment opportunities, low levels of socioeconomic development, as well as poor urban infrastructural base of rural areas. It is necessary to identify these areas and optimize its poorly developed or vacant spaces, to effectively manage the transformation of India's underdeveloped and rural areas into developed cities, resulting in development of the Country. This research attempts to present an integrative approach to the problem of land-use planning with the help of a conceptual model. The study examines, congested cities and identifies vacant spaces or underdeveloped areas adjoining them. Based on it, a village-Akole taluka in Ahmednagar district, adjoining two developed cities-Mumbai and Pune, of Maharashtra State, is analyzed for transformation and redevelopment purpose, through the use of topographic data. Finally, it is aimed at implementing new urbanism principles to the study area and produce a land-use model to maximize the quality of life of its people. Providing useful information for development of planning and design strategies for sustainable urbanization and enhancing quality of life is need of the hour. Therefore, key purpose of this research is to increase productiveness of citizen's habitat, by optimizing the use of vacant land. This is achieved by proposing an Urban

In the early days, humans used to live in semi-permanent villages. They shift as soon as their land becomes less fertile. With the up-gradation in technology and the rise in the standard of living, people prefer settling in urban locations than living in rural areas. This urbanization leads to challenge in today's planning and development departments. The growth of the world population and migration of people are creating congestion in cities. The cities are now more crowded, dense with persistent traffic problems and a rise in pollution levels. There needs planning for adequate food, sanitation and education for all, and thereby making it necessary to plan for sustainability. Instead of separate residences, they will be constructed vertically. They may possess everything people need in their daily life. The future will see vertical farms and skyscrapers for food production and renewable sources for energy production. The generation of the 3D city model will help in planning and analysis of the city. This helps in the development of small self-sustainable cities mainly focusing on local and sustainable production. We have worked on the Nariman Point, Mumbai in this paper. We have studied the buildings, congestion and land usage of this region and analyzed the current scenario of the region. The 3D modeling of the city will help the city and town planners to optimize the city.

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There are many factors which affect labour productivity directly or indirectly, for example, age, experience, climate, inspection delay etc. It is necessary to identify those factors and find measures to avoid them so that productivity can be increased.

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