Metformin promotes reversal of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Metformin attenuates ERK signaling by activating AMP kinase. Metformin induces hypomethylation of the E-cadherin gene promoter. Epigenetic modification of the E-cadherin promoter was observed in leukocytes from diabetic subjects. These findings provide a potential basis for decreased cancer incidence in metformin-treated subjects.
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