No abstract

This analysis focus corporate social responsibility and executive compensation in China and also tests the relationship between state possession and executive compensation in presence of CSR. The estimated results confirm our hypotheses true in the selected sample of 2011 to 2014 of China. The firms with high CSR performances positively moderate the previously negative or no relationship between state-ownership and executive compensation. Application of 2SLS and GMM guaranteed the robustness of the results to potential endogeneities.

The study was conducted in Peshawar region since 2018 and the major objective of the study was to see four different factors relation with the employees turnover intentions in Habib Bank Limitted Peshawar Region Pakistan. The total branches of Habib Bank Limited was 48 while only 14 branches on the basis of more employees were selected for the study. The total employees number in 14 branches was 215 while only 158 respondents were contacted for data collection because some respondents were not ready for filling the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis was used for data analysis. The constant value was 2.54 and was highly significant at .05 confidence level. Similarly the working environment coefficient was-.226 and was highly significant at .05 confidence level. Which shows that if the working environment increase one unit then 0.226 unit negative change will be occurred in the turnover intention of the employments of the HBL. The coefficient of Job Stress was 0.322 and was highly significant at .05 confidence level. It indicates that when one unit increase will be occurred in job stress then 0.322 unit change will be occurred in turnover intention of the HBL employees in the study area. The career growth coefficient was-.032 and was found non significant at .05 confidence level. The result shows that if one unit change will be occurred in career growth of HBL employees then 0.032 unit negative change will be occurred in the HBL Employee turnover intention. The compensation coefficient was-.123 and was significant at .05 confidence level. The result indicates that if one unit change will be occurred in compensation then .123 unit negative change will be occurred in the turnover intention of the employee of HBL. The F value of the model was 45.566 and the model was over all significant. The R 2 value was 0.544 which shows how much the independent variables explain the model. On the basis of problems, following recommendations were suggested for its improvement:-Stressful environment for employees should be avoided and good working environment should be provided to the employees in the banks. Job stress should be reduced inside the bank. Chances for career growth should be facilitated to the HBL employees and compensation plan should be arranged for employee of the bank for reduction of turnover intention in the HBLPeshawar region. it is recommended for the future research worker to spread this study in other big cities of Pakistan to further clear the situation; Future research was also recommended to include other factors that might affect the turnover of the banking employees and in the long run which will improve also the outcome of the HBL.

Marketers promote their products using a different medium to circulate their advertising message to customers in order to inform and persuade customers to buy their products. The emergence of new technology and social media platforms has made it much easier for marketers to reach more audiences than ever before. This excessive advertisement has emerged as a new phenomenon known as infobesity, advertising overload, or marketing overload. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of Information overload on brand recall, for which a quantitative method was used with a sample size of 148 students and SPSS 21 for analysis of the data. The survey was conducted, and questionnaires were distributed among the students of the University of Swat. The study reveals that a negative and significant relationship exists between information overload and brand recall. This study also reveals that excessive bombardment in advertisements results in a decline in the effectiveness of the advertising message and goes against brand awareness and brand recall. The correlation analysis (r= -0.353, P<0.05) and regression analysis (beta = -0.415, P<0.05) reveal that information overload negatively impacts customer brand recall.

In construction projects delay is a global experience and the same issue persists in Pakistani construction industry as well. This study has its major focus on recognizing the factors of delay in government funded construction projects in Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Construction delay and its effects have been studied separately by many researchers. The current study has jointly analyzed the causes and effects of delay in government funded construction projects of Malakand division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A questionnaire assessment was executed to investigate the factors which cause delay, and their effects by considering the three main stakeholders of construction industry i.e., Contractors, Clients and Consultants. Accordingly, 50 respondents from various districts of Malakand division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province participated in the survey. The ten most important causes of time overrun were identified by the current study from a list of 64 causes and in the same way six effects of delay were identified. The identified 10 major causes are: i. Funding for project/Financial position of constructor, ii. Delayed final inspection and third-party certification iii. Weather conditions, iv. Terrorist activities in construction area, v. Delay in bills payment vi. Flood, earthquake or other natural calamities, vii. Suspension and postponement of work activities, viii. Shortage of construction materials in market, ix. Disagreements in implementation schedule of sub-contractors, x. Late approval and finalization of drawings. Similarly, the 6 major effects identified are: i. Time Overrun, ii. Disputes iii. Cost Overrun, iv. Arbitration, v. Abandonment and vi. Lawsuit. An empirical relationship between causes and effects has been developed by this study. Keywords: Time Overrun, Construction Industry, Factors, Contractor, Consultant, Client, Construction delay.