Tuberculosis (TB) has been the highly contagious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the major leading infectious disease with the higher upsurge of morbidity and mortality. Owing to problems in the current regimen for TB and emergence of drug resistance strains, there is a strong necessity for development of new anti-TB drugs with better efficacy, reduced duration of action, along with improved patient compliance. Towards this, the scaffolds reported in 2021 with anti-tubercular activity such as benzofuran, benzothiazinone, benzimidazoles, indole, piperidine, piperazine, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrrolidine, quinoxaline, triazole, etc. have been critically reviewed along with their structureactivity relationships, mode of actions with anticipations of intuitions to design the newer anti-mycobacterial scaffolds.The present work provide the organized coverage of diversified scaffolds with anti-tubercular profile reported in 2021 along with the insightful discussion on their merits and demerits. The mode of anti-tubercular action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have been presented keeping in mind the novel drug candidates against drug resistant strains [a] Dr.

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic immuno-inflammatory and metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance with corresponding hyperinsulinemia. On the other hand, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease involving cognitive impairment, neuronal dysfunction, and memory loss. Several recently published literatures suggest a causal relationship between T2DM and AD. In this review, we have discussed several potential mechanisms underlying diabetes-induced cognitive impairment which include, abnormal insulin signaling, amyloid-β accumulation, oxidative stress, immuno-inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, advanced glycation end products, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, advanced lipid peroxidation products, and apolipoprotein E. All these interconnected mechanisms may act either individually or synergistically which eventually leads to neurodegeneration and AD.

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