Nanopores embedded in two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are a promising emerging technology for osmotic power generation. Here, coupling our new AFM-based pore fabrication approach, tip-controlled local breakdown (TCLB), with a hybrid membrane formed by coating silicon nitride (SiN) with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), we show that high osmotic power density can be obtained in systems that do not possess the thinness of atomic monolayers. In our approach, the high osmotic performance arises from charge separation induced by the highly charged hBN surface rather than charge on the inner pore wall. Moreover, exploiting TCLB’s capability of producing sub 10 nm pore arrays, we investigate the effects of pore–pore interaction on the overall power density. We find that an optimum pore-to-pore spacing of ∼500 nm is required to maintain an efficient selective transport mechanism.

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