The annual application of NSF solution was more effective in hardening and arresting dentine caries in primary teeth than the placebo. The effectiveness of NSF was found to be similar to silver diamine fluoride when applied once a year, but did not stain the dental tissue black and had no metallic taste. The application is simple, does not require a clinical setting and is inexpensive. NSF was demonstrated to be effective in arresting caries in children in poor communities, but further studies are required to investigate alternative protocols and for use in tooth sensitivity and root caries.

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