Abstrakt:Článek se zabývá zpracováním keramických nálezů z obléhací polohy v trati Ohrada u hradu Lichnice (okres Chrudim), která je spojována s obléháním hradu v letech 1428-1429. Soubor tvoří 437 fragmentů kuchyňské a stolní keramiky. V rámci souboru bylo rozpoznáno 10 keramických tříd. Část z nich byla vybrána k identifikaci technologických vlastností a provenience prostřednictvím mikropetrografie. Výsledky byly ověřeny pomocí pXRF. U vybraných fragmentů byla určena teplota výpalu. Vedle kuchyňské a stolní keramiky se studie věnuje nálezům keramiky kamnářské a stavební, které nejsou pro lokalitu tohoto typu zcela běžné. Na vybraných fragmentech dlaždic a kachlů byla rovněž provedena mikropetrografická analýza.Klíčová slova: Lichnice -obléhání -keramika -přírodovědné analýzy -15. století. A pottery series from Ohrada, near the Lichnice castleAbstract: This article discusses the processing of pottery finds from the Ohrada site, near the Lichnice castle (Chrudim district) associated with the siege of the castle in 1428-1429. The series consists of 437 fragments of kitchenware and tableware. Ten ceramic classes were defined within the series. Some of the finds were selected for the identification of technological properties and provenance by means of micropetrography. The results were verified with the use of the pXRF method. Firing temperatures were determined with selected fragments. Apart from kitchenware and tableware, the study focuses on the finds of stove and building ceramics which are not typical of sites of this type. In addition, a micropetrographic analysis was conducted with selected fragments of floor tiles and tiles. Obr. 1a. Plán obléhacího okruhu kolem hradu od A. Sedláčka (podle Sedláček 1900, 39). Na plánu je patrné umístění obléhacího stanoviště jihovýchodně od hradu. Vpravo nahoře ve výřezu plán obléhacího stanoviště. Abb. 1a. Planskizze des Belagerungsrings um die Burg von A. Sedláček (nach Sedláček 1900, 39). Auf der Planskizze ist die Belagerungsstellung südöstlich von der Burg sichtbar. Rechts oben im Ausschnitt Planskizze der Belagerungsstellung. Archaeologia historica 44, 1, 2019, 383-419 Obr. 1b. Geodetické zaměření lokality z roku 1968, autor V. Vokolek. Uloženo v Muzeu Vysočiny Havlíčkův Brod, upraveno. Abb. 1b. Geodätische Vermessung der Fundstelle aus dem Jahr 1968, erstellt von V. Vokolek. Aufbewahrt im Museum der Böhmisch-Mährischen Höhe Havlíčkův Brod, bearbeitet. Obr. 2. Geologická mapa okolí Lichnice. Zdroj Geologická mapa 1 : 50 000 České geologické služby, upraveno. Abb. 2. Geologische Karte der Umgebung von Lichnice. Quelle Geologische Karte 1 : 50 000 Tschechischer geologischer Dienst, bearbeitet. Archaeologia historica 44, 1, 2019, 383-419 Obr. 3. Umístění sondy V. Vokolka z roku 1968. Abb. 3. Lage der von V. Vokolek vorgenommenen Sondiergrabung aus dem Jahr 1968. Obr. 4. Situace odkrytá v sondě z roku 1968. Počátek sondy (vzdálenost 0) je v severní části. Dokumentace je uložena v Muzeu Vysočiny Havlíčkův Brod, upraveno podle nákresů V. Vokolka. Abb. 4. Bei der Sondiergrab...

This article discusses the archaeological contexts and finds that are dated to the second half of the 13th century or to the first half of the 14th century, and are associated with the earliest history of the town of Počátky. In this period the town had an elongated, spindle-shaped centre which was, in the early 16th century at the latest, divided by a stone wall into a small square around the Church of St. John the Baptist and an unprotected southern suburb. Both these areas were gradually archeologically researched in 2010-2016. The main part of the article brings an assessment of a pottery series from a sunken cellar in Palackého náměstí Square. In addition, the paper also presents small ceramic series from excavations in Mariánské náměstí Square, from a private collection of Mr. Matoušek and from the collections of the Počátky museum.

This article seeks to assess rescue research in Palackého náměstí Square in Počátky conducted by the Jihlava branch of the Archaia Brno company. The Počátky region is among those that have yet to be studied in depth, which is why a revision of historical sources was carried out in parallel with archaeologi cal research. The earliest investigated contexts were related to the establishment of the town in the 13th century, while further contexts were associated with several devastating fires in the years 1653-1821. The most recent contexts dated from the beginning of the 19th century when the earlier ones in the town square were closed by stone paving. The research focused on the unearthing of a former cemetery by the Church of St. John the Baptist that ceased to exist in the early 19th century. The excavations yielded skeletons of 228 individuals some of which were subjected to anthropological analysis. Research in close proximity of the church centred on its earliest building phases. The results of the research significantly contributed to the overall picture of the town's history.

The study focuses on ceramic production from Žďár nad Sázavou – Staré město, an agglomeration that formed in the third quarter of 13th century and was abandoned after the founding of the ‘new’ town in the early 14th century. The large pottery collection is well dated and captures changes in pottery production during the medieval transformation, tightly connected with the colonisation of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. The pottery assemblage from the 2004 excavation season was processed in this study. Material from the pottery kiln discovered in 2006 and found during the review of the research documentation was supplemented afterwards. The main part of study evaluates ceramic production technology, which was rapidly changing during this period. Pottery fragments were divided into ceramic classes according to the properties of the ceramic mass and firing. The descriptive system of technological marks is a part of the study, but it could be used for other medieval pottery collections. Detailed attention was paid to pottery-forming technique marks: coiling, wheel forming and wheel throwing. The analysis of pottery technology is based on the chaîne opératoire of medieval ceramic production. The macroscopic analysis of pottery-making technology is connected with the conclusions of natural science analyses. Their aim was to validate and specify the macroscopic description of ceramic classes and also detailed information about pottery provenance and technology. The analysis of the pottery provides information for the future productiondistribution model of pottery production in the area.