The purpose of the article is to assess the relationship between the level of yield and the absolute and relative value of production costs of wheat, dredge corn, sunflower. Research methods. In the course of research a dialectical method of cognition was used, as well as systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, a monographic method (analysis of scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of theory and practice of ensuring effective cost formation in agricultural enterprises). From special research methods abstract-logical (for theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions), economic-statistical (at definition of influence of level of intensity on size and efficiency of expenses of the basic kinds of crop production, establishment of character of their dependence), graphic (at construction of graphic images of researched processes) were used. Research results. As a result of the study, it was established how the intensity of production affects the formation of production efficiency of major crops (wheat, dredge corn, sunflower). The nature and degree of dependence between the level of yield of the main crops and the absolute and relative value of their production costs are also determined. The obtained results make it possible to form the preconditions for ensuring the development of agriculture, in particular the crop sector. Scientific novelty. The quantitative assessment of the impact of production intensity on the formation of cost-effectiveness in crop production, with a justification for changing their absolute and relative structure, was further developed. Practical significance. The practical significance of the obtained results is that their use will promote the agricultural deve-lopment, in particular crop production; improving the efficiency of existing enterprises. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 15.

Introduction. The article highlights the fact that over the past twenty years, sunflower production in Ukraine has increased significantly as a result of the expansion of cultivated areas and an increase in yields. In 2019, the gross harvest of sunflower exceeded 15 million tons, which was an all-time record. At the same time, the authors draw attention to the fact that the rapid spread of sunflowers in the structure of cultivated areas creates significant problems related to the maintenance of soil fertility. The purpose of this article is to assess the level of environmental factor of sunflower production in agricultural enterprises of Kharkiv region. Results. The paper proposes its own methodical approach to assess the environmental factor of production. This approach takes into account the level of actual application of mineral fertilizers according to their various components, as well as organic fertilizers, summarized by the coefficients of mineral and organic fertilizer application rates. Given the level of variability, they form a total fertilizer application rate. It is also proposed to consider the compliance of the actual share of sunflower in the structure of cultivated areas with the normative value through the calculation of the coefficient of the normative area of sunflower. Ultimately, all indicators of the level of environmental factor of sunflower production are combined into one, called the coefficient of environmental friendliness of sunflower production. Approbation of this methodical approach on the example of agricultural enterprises of Kharkiv region according to the data of 2019 allowed the authors to establish the fact that the value of the factor of the environmental factor of sunflower production in the vast majority of enterprises was at 0.11-0.2 (181 enterprises) and 0.21-0.3 146 enterprises). The article notes that compliance with regulatory requirements for planted acreage was slightly better than regulatory requirements for fertilizer application. The authors found a correlation between the coefficient of the environmental factor of sunflower production and the share of the cultivated areas occupied by sunflowers in their total value. Conclusions. Studying the environmental factor of sunflower production, the authors proposed a methodical approach to determine the eco-factor of sunflower production. It allows an objective assessment of the problems associated with compliance with existing requirements for the recovery of nutrients in the soil and crop areas.

Шиян Н.І. кандидат економічних наук, доцент кафедри менеджменту і адміністрування, Харківський національний аграрний університет імені В.В. Докучаєва Гончарова К.І. аспірант кафедри економіки підприємства та організації бізнесу, Харківський національний економічний університет імені Семена Кузнеця АНАЛІЗ ДИНАМІЧНОГО РЯДУ ВИРОБНИЦТВА СОНЯШНИКУ В УКРАЇНІ У статті дано аналіз динамічного ряду виробництва соняшнику в Україні з використанням сучасних інструментів аналізу часових рядів. Побудовано аналітичну функцію, що характеризує залежність рівнів ряду виробництва соняшнику в Україні в 1945-2019 рр. Поряд із визначенням загальної тенденції до зростання обсягів виробництва соняшнику в Україні, з використанням вирівнювання залишків часового ряду за допомогою середнього ковзного, визначено 2 підперіоди, протягом яких зменшення залишків обсягів виробництва соняшнику супроводжується його зростанням. Такими підперіодами були: 1949-1989 рр. і 1990-2019 рр. Аналіз залишків обсягів виробництва соняшнику показав зменшення темпів зростання обсягів виробництва соняшнику в Україні, що обумовлено високими темпами його зростання протягом останніх років та поглибленням екологічної проблеми внаслідок збільшення площ посіву культури в господарствах. Ключові слова: соняшник, динамічний ряд, вирівнювання динамічного ряду, тенденція.

The introductory part emphasizes that since 2004, Ukrainian agriculture has gradually begun to crank up production. This is largely associated with the growth of crop production, including sunflower. During 2004–2020, gross sunflower yield increased by 3.1 times, and yield capacity – more than double. Research methods involve grouping a complex of agricultural enterprises following the cost value per 1 ha of the sown area and sunflower yield. To classify the enterprises according to the level of innovative production, the authors have put forward a method for determining the coefficient of innovation. The object of the study comprises the agricultural enterprises of Kharkiv region. The results of grouping following yield rate have made it possible to establish a direct dependence between the cost value and sunflower yield. In a group of enterprises with an average yield of up to 15 centners/ha, costs amounted to 9653 UAH / ha; in a group with a yield of 25.1–30 centners/ha – 14860 UAH/ha; with a yield of more than 45 centners/ha – 27518 UAH/ha. It has also been found that an increase in the rate of sunflower yield by 1 centner leads to an average profit increase of 307.9 UAH/ha. The grouping of enterprises by the level of costs per 1 sown area of sunflower has made it possible to assume that the nature of the relationship of a grouping indicator with profit margin is characterized by a nonlinear function. It has been determined that this function has a maximum when the cost increases by 16960 UAH/ha and the amount of profit – by 6199 UAH/ha. The paper has also marked that under such cost value, the value of sunflower yield should be equal to 29.8 centners/ha. The practical approval of the methodological approach to determining the coefficient of innovative development of sunflower production has shown that this indicator objectively conveys the rate of use of innovations in the manufacturing process. Enterprises that had a coefficient of innovative development above 1 were characterized by a much higher level of yield, profitability, and production intensity.

The legal status of estates and law enforcement practice in relation to both individual representatives of the society of the Russian Empire and public groups has attracted the attention of researchers for quite a long time, but does not leave its relevance. The article presents the results of a study of the legislative policy of the state in relation to the legal status of the estates of the Russian Empire in the first half – middle of the XVIII century. Based on the materials of published and unpublished sources, using comparative analysis methods, it was possible to describe the changes that took place in the field of regulatory regulation of the situation of both individual social groups and society as a whole. A review of the historiography of the issue from pre-revolutionary authors to modern scientific works has shown the relevance of the topic under study and the specifics of its subject of research. The introduction into scientific circulation of the sources of the era of John Antonovich, the significance of which is determined by the policy pursued by Elizabeth Petrovna on the destruction of evidence related to the time of the infant emperor's stay on the throne, allowed us to pay attention to legislative acts regulating the consolidation of society within the framework of the formation of a sense of loyalty to the throne. Each of the monarchs made their own adjustments and changes to the legal regulation of public life in the first half - middle of the XVIII century. Since Peter I, there has been a gradual division of estates by improving each branch of social legislation. Therefore, for a more accurate understanding of the reasons for the appearance of certain laws regulating the social structure, the article presents the reformatory activity of the state from the reign of Peter I to the completion of the palace coups.In general, the legislative policy of the studied period in relation to the legal status of the estates of the Russian Empire forms a unified system for determining the position of subjects in line with the "state interest", outlining the framework of regulatory regulation of the rights and obligations of public groups in the changing economic and political realities.The authors' contribution is presented in a joint work on the research topic, in which E.V. Goncharova identified and attracted the source base of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, summarized the results of a joint study and formed a text for publication; M.M. Pavlova analyzed the historiography of the issue and published sources in the field of legal regulation of the status of the estates of the Russian Empire in the first half – middle of the XVIII century.