No abstract

Candelon, Bertrand, Kool, Clemens, Raabe, Katharina, and van Veen, Tom-Long-run real exchange rate determinants: Evidence from eight new EU member states, 1993EU member states, -2003 In this paper, we estimate bilateral equilibrium real exchange rates for a group of eight new EU member states against the euro, using new and sophisticated panel-cointegration techniques. We document a stable significant positive link between productivity levels and the corresponding real exchange rate levels and a stable significant and negative link between openness and the real exchange rate. We find real exchange rate misalignments to be small and weakly mean-reverting. In the context of entry into ERM-II and EMU for most of these countries over time, the results stress the importance of allowing countries to adjust to inflation pressure and real exchange rate appreciation, either through nominal appreciation or temporarily higher domestic inflation.

Banking sector fragility, Currency crisis, Transmission channels, F30, F32, F34,

The recently developed India State Hunger Index 2008 highlights the continuing sorry state of hunger in India, and shows that children underweight makes the largest contribution to hunger index scores for most of India. In this article, we apply an assessment framework developed by the Mainstreaming Nutrition Initiative to understand three dimensions of child undernutrition in India: (1) the biological/ epidemiological aspects of the nutrition situation, (2) the programmatic interventions and environment and (3) the sociopolitical environment for nutrition. We conduct this assessment for three states in India, each of which offers a distinct typology: (a) Bihar, an extremely poor northern state with high levels of undernutrition; (b) Karnataka, a southern state with high economic growth, but high child undernutrition rates; (c) Tamil Nadu, a southern state portrayed as an example of successful health and nutrition programming, but with rates of undernutrition that are still very high.

The moisture- and temperature dependent stabilities and interrelation pathways of the practically relevant solid forms of o-phenanthroline HCl (1) and neocuproine HCl (2) were investigated using thermal analytical techniques (HSM, DSC and TGA) and gravimetric moisture sorption/desorption studies. The experimental stability data were correlated with the structural changes observed upon dehydration and the pairwise interaction and lattice energies calculated. For 1 the monohydrate was identified as the only stable form under conditions of RH typically found during production and storage, but at RH values >80% deliquescence occurs. The second compound, 2, forms an anhydrate and two different hydrates, mono- (2-Hy1) and trihydrate (2-Hy3). The 2-Hy1 structure was solved from SCXRD data and the anhydrate structure derived from a combination of PXRD and CSP. Depending on the environmental conditions (moisture) either 2-Hy1 or 2-Hy3 is the most sable solid form of 2 at RT. The monohydrates 1-Hy1 and 2-Hy1 show a high enthalpic stabilization (≥20 kJ mol−1) relative to the anhydrates. The anhydrates are unstable at ambient conditions and readily transform to the monohydrates even in the presence of traces of moisture. This study demonstrates how the right combination of experiment and theory can unravel the properties and interconversion pathways of solid forms.