Case managers have an opportunity to fill the gaps in care for patients with multiple comorbid conditions. The case manager has the potential to address several of the issues identified by the patients in this study by helping comorbid patients develop self-management skills and tailoring supportive primary care interventions to meet individual patient needs.

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NPs can use this model to articulate the unique contribution of NP practice and its interrelationships within the broader primary care setting. Practicing NPs can use this framework to better understand the complexities of their current and future primary care practices. Faculty can utilize the concepts to help guide students' understanding of their prospective roles as advanced practice nurses. Finally, this conceptual framework can inform research about specific NP processes and related outcomes. A clearly delineated model that accurately depicts structures, processes, and outcomes relevant to NP primary care can strengthen NP education, distinguish NP practice, and advance evidenced-based research linking NP practice and outcomes.