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High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) yielded evidence for the formation of single covalent bonds between Si(111) surface atoms and CH(3) groups from the reaction of CH(3)MgBr and hydrogen-terminated H:Si(111)(1 x 1). The vibration at 678 cm(-)(1), assigned to the C-Si bond, was isolated within the spectrum of CH(3) on deuterium-terminated D:Si(111)(1 x 1). The CH(3) groups were thermally stable at temperatures below 600 K. The C-Si bonds are essential for enhancing the usefulness of alkyl moieties, which will lead to a new prospective technology of nanoscale fabrication and biochemical application.

On Au(100) and Au(110) single crystal surfaces, clear electrochemical responses of cytochrome c were observed only at electrodes modified with bis(4-pyridyl)disulfide or 4-mercaptopyridine, but not at all on the surfaces modified with bis(2-pyridyl)disulfide or 2-mercaptopyridine.