Considering the high prevalence of acute myelocytic leukemia in adults, understanding the pathophysiology of this disease and investigating cytogenetic markers play an important role in dealing with the disease for its classification, timely diagnosis, prognosis and predicting the response to the treatment process. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular and cytogenetic status of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. This study was conducted in 2021 on 40 patients referred to Zheen Erbil international hospital who were sampled using the convenience method. Samples were collected from peripheral blood samples or bone marrow samples of patients, after sampling in the laboratory. The processes of sample centrifugation and deoxyribonucleic acid extraction were performed. Then, different in silico tools were used to check the structure and function of proteins. Fluorescence in situ hybridization method was used to check the presence of p53 deletion. The obtained data was analyzed with statistical package for social sciences version 23 and descriptive statistical tests and regression. The average age of the examined patients was 37.275±22.234 y. 17p deletion was seen in 6 people under study and p53 mutation was seen in 13 out of the examined people and normal in 3 patients. Factors affecting acute myelocytic leukemia based on the linear regression were age, Odds ratio (0.014), p value≤0.001, confidence interval: 0.010-0.019 and factors affecting acute myelocytic leukemia mutations (changes) in gene based on the linear regression were p53 mutation, Odds ratio (0.5), p value≤0.003, confidence interval: 0.33-0.019. Evaluation of p53 gene mutation was significant in acute myelocytic leukemia and age also showed itself as an influential factor in acute myelocytic leukemia disease.

Spontaneous miscarriage is the most frequent complication of pregnancy and, classically, defined as the occurrence ofat least two miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation. Over 50 % of first trimester pregnancy losses are attributed tochromosomal abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate aneuploidy in spontaneous miscarriage by fluorescence in situhybridization (FISH) using probes for 13, 18, 21, X and Y chromosomes. A total of 100 tissue samples from concepts materialswere collected and examined by FISH. The incidence and type of chromosomal abnormality and sex ratio were analyzedfor each samples. Moreover, the relationship between the rate of aneuploidy and maternal age also the relationship betweenmaternal age and type of aneuploidy and the difference in incidence of aneuploidy between samples from previous miscarriageand those with no previous miscarriage were investigated. Results obtained from this study revealed that, 52 of 100 cases werewith aneuploidy. Trisomy 21, 18, and 13 was the major aneuploidy followed by monosomy X. Cases of miscarriages whichcontain chromosomal abnormalities were higher in females than males. Cases with advanced maternal age and history ofprevious miscarriage were significantly have higher aneuploidy rate compared with young age cases and those with no previousmiscarriage. However, rates of trisomies 18, 13, and 21 of the advanced maternal age group were remarkably higher thanthose of the young maternal age group.Keywords: Recurrent miscarriage, Aneuploidy, Florescence In Situ Hybridization, Maternal age, Sex Ratio.

Radiographic examination is one of the principal diagnostic methods used in all fields of medical and dental services. The incidence of chromosomal aberrations was evaluated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 50 individuals who worked in different dental colleges and clinics in Erbil City. This research was donning between March to September 2016.  Blood samples were collected also from 20 individuals as control group,  that were not exposed to any diagnostic radiations. An attempt was done to find the relationship between the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and smoking habit. The radiographers showed a significant increase of chromosomal aberrations as compared to control group at both probability level (P< 0.01, P< 0.05), but significant decreases in mitotic index were shown. The highest value of chromosomal aberrations was chromatid gap  and lowest value of mitotic index  were  found both observed in dental radiographers  who were smoker with duration of exposure for  more than 10 yrs.

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a rare form of cancer that affects blood cells and is characterized by a genetic mutation between chromosome (9) and chromosome ( 22) known by reciprocal t(9;22) (q34;q11) translocation, Which leads to composition of the chimerical fusion gene (BCR-ABL1) on chromosome (22), which is known after that by (Philadelphia chromosome). More than (90%) of chronic myeloid leukemia patients are diagnosed with presence of Philadelphia chromosome. The present study was carried out on (40) patients who were suffering from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Erbil city and (10) healthy individuals as a control group in both sex and different age groups. Blood samples were collected and chromosomal study was performed. The research concluded the effect of several factors, including that most cases were between the age group (41-50) and among males more than females. Also the percentage of illness in relation to the type of occupation was among most females who were housewives at (42%). As for the patients' living location, between inside and outside the city, the result was somewhat close to each other even when taking into consideration the proportion of males and females. As for the occurrence of types of chromosomal aberrations, the study showed that the highest value of chromosomal aberrations was in (Dicentric chromosome), specifically in females of the age group (41-50).

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