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Neutron diffraction measurements with 14N/15N and H/D isotopic substitution methods have been carried out on aqueous 15 mol% urea solutions, in order to obtain information on the hydration structure of the amino group within the urea molecule in concentrated aqueous solutions. The observed first-order difference function, 0HΔN(Q), and the N–H partial structure factor, aNH(Q), were analyzed by the least squares fitting procedure. The nearest neighbor N···O and N···H distances were obtained to be 2.92(1) Å and 3.42(1) Å, respectively. The average hydration number per one amino group was determined to be 2.0(1). The tilt angle between the N–H···O axis and the molecular plane of the hydrogen bonded water molecule is estimated to be 51(5)°.

This paper reports an approach using nanoparticle free polymer blends for light scattering films in liquid crystal displays. The ability to create the regularly structured circle of approximately 200 nm diameter in the light scattering film by blending two specified polymers with carboxylic acid groups and epoxy groups was demonstrated. The developed light scattering film based on thermosetting system indicated regularly structured nanomorphology, high light scattering rates of more than 3.9% at 300–600 nm of wavelength, and fast thermal cross-linking reaction at 150 °C and 60 s in thermosetting conditions for high productivity.