No abstract

We propose rolling-shutter (RS)-based asynchronous optical camera communication (OCC) with a variable symbol rate based on a cycle pattern of the receiver's symbols which is uniquely determined by the ratio of the line interval of RS to the transmitter's symbol length. RS-based asynchronous OCC has been experimentally demonstrated using various Android smartphones' built-in cameras with a variable symbol rate when the ratio of the line interval of RS to the symbol length is expressed as a simple integer ratio. Error-free transmission has been achieved from 4 to 14 kilosymbols per second (symbols/s) using smartphones' 30-frame-per-second (fps) image sensors.