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As symbolized by the phrase den en kaiki return to rural living , the phenomenon of increasing migration from metropolitan to rural areas in Japan has drawn considerable attention. Although an apparent effect of initiatives implemented by different actors, including municipalities, the creation of nariwai livelihood or calling with external effects by migrants is well known, academic research on this issue is insufficient. In this article, which focuses on Tamba City, Hyogo prefecture, we detail start-up support activities based on new relationships between migrants and existing residents as well as official institutional support. We also examine mutual relationships between the nariwai of migrant-entrepreneurs and community development, which contribute to the essential creation of new activities in the entire region.

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