No abstract

We have developed an ELISA for BK-(1-5) (Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5). In rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy, in which a plasma exudation peak was observed 5 h after carrageenin, BK levels in the exudates were negligible (< 60 pg/rat). BK-(1-7) (des-Phe8-Arg9-BK) was detectable (900-400 pg/rat) over the entire course of the inflammation. However, a larger amount of BK-(1-5) was detectable in association with the increase in plasma exudation, showing a peak (8800 +/- 1200 pg/rat) 3 h after carrageenin. Bromelain (10 mg/kg, i.v.) and soy bean trypsin inhibitor (0.3 mg/rat, intra-pleural) significantly reduced BK-(1-5) levels (by 60-93%, 3, 7 and 19 h after carrageenin) and plasma exudation rates (by 61-74%, 3 and 7 h after carrageenin). Dexamethasone (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced BK-(1-5) levels (by 78%) and decreased plasma exudation (by 70%) 3 h after carrageenin. In nasal allergy patients, antigen challenge of nasal mucosa elevated BK-(1-5) levels and active kallikrein levels in nasal washes. These results verify that BK-(1-5) determined by ELISA is a good indicator for release of kinins in vivo.

Table 2 Mechanical properties of base metals Material Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation () Hardness (HV0.1) Rod 245 16.2 81.0 Plate 256 13.4 72.3

5052 aluminum alloy used for substrate and consumable rod, was friction surfaced using a numerical controlled full automatic friction welding machine. Effects of the surfacing conditions on some characteristics of deposits were investigated. It was clearly observed that the circularly pattern appeared on the surface of deposit by the rotation of consumable rod. The deposit has a tendency to incline toward the advancing side further than center of deposit for the feed direction of consumable rod. This deviation accompanied the decrease of the rotational speed of consumable rod. The width of deposit increased with increasing friction pressure, and decreasing rotational speed of consumable rod. The thickness of deposit became thinner when the consumable rod was high revolution. The surfacing efficiency decreased with increasing friction pressure and rotational speed of consumable rod, but increased with increasing feed speed. Microstructure of the deposit was finer than that of the substrate and consumable rod. The softened area was recognized at 3 mm distance from the weld interface of substrate. The tensile strength of deposit increased with increasing friction pressure. The maximum tensile strength of deposits showed 88.8% of the base metal of substrate.