In non-obese NAFLD patients: 1) although visceral fat was increased, insulin resistance and/or dysregulated secretion of adipocytokines was not necessarily shown; 2) intakes of total energy and carbohydrates were not excessive, although dietary cholesterol was superabundant and dietary PUFAs were significantly lower compared with those in obese patients; and 3) characteristic fat intake may be associated with the formation of NAFLD.

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We conclude that the rates of colonization by respiratory bacterial pathogens, especially by antibiotic-resistant strains, were high in children attending day-care centers in our district, suggesting their horizontal spread among children in day-care centers. Considering that the majority of children attending day- care centers carried one or more of the bacterial pathogens, the judicious use of antimicrobials will be required to prevent the increase of antibiotic-resistant rates among the colonizing pathogens.