Our study has provided reference values for the PIN in healthy individuals at the arcade of Frohse. Although, there is a flattening of the nerve as it enters the supinator muscle, this should not be mistaken for nerve entrapment as the size of the nerve remains consistent.

Medical education programs in the United States or Canada comply with the Liaison Committee on medical education standards to ensure their graduates provide proficient medical care. One standard includes student development as a lifelong learner. The competency of lifelong learning is developed through self-directed activities such as students evaluating their learning objectives and resources without external help. Quick response (QR) codes were the technological tools introduced in a traditional medical institution to enhance students' self-directed initiative to tap resources. Relevant lecture objectives and other information such as supplemental discipline content, reading assignments and web-based link resources were embedded into codes and 'pasted' onto all pages of their course PDF handouts. It was anticipated that most students had access to smart phones to conveniently scan the codes and retrieve the information. However, an in-class survey conducted showed that only 30% of the students found the QR codes useful. Further questioning revealed that some students just didn't know how to use the codes or didn't think the information embedded was worth the effort to decrypt. Although students were tech-savvy in the social and entertainment realms, they were not adept in the use of technology for educational purposes. QR codes presented several theoretical, pedagogical advantages to enhance experiential and self-directed learning. However, implementation among students,

Ultrasound technology has become indispensible in the diagnosis of many neuropathies including those of the posterior interosseous nerve. Posterior interosseous nerve neuropathies have many causes notably entrapment beneath the arcade of Froshe, compression by tumors, ganglia or aberrant blood vessels. The literature regarding the anatomy of this nerve elucidates a caliber change in the long axis of the nerve as it pierces the supinator muscle. This seemingly physiological compression may be misinterpreted as entrapment. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the longitudinal and cross sectional anatomy of the posterior interosseous nerve at key anatomical landmarks taken from cadaveric specimens and ultrasound of normal adults. Thereby determining the reliability of ultrasound in the evaluation of compression pathologies of the posterior interosseous nerve. Longitudinal and cross sectional measurements of the radial nerve of 50 healthy adults and 30 cadaveric dissections were taken at specific intervals. Logiq E ultrasound unit with a 12Hz linear array transducer was used. Both patients and cadavers were screened for previous surgeries of the area and excluded if visible signs of intervention was present. Visualization of the cross sectional anatomy during ultrasound is challenging and measurements obtained are not directly comparable with that taken on the cadavers. However a size change was noted in the longitudinal axis but no significant difference in the cross sectional area of the nerve could be established. Ultrasonography is commonly used in diagnostics and has become an important tool in diagnosis of entrapment neuropathies among many others. Physiological compression as the nerve pierces the muscle seen on ultrasound should not be misconstrued as nerve entrapment and other modalities should be used to confirm diagnosis before surgery is performed.