A basic pyridyl unit is introduced to the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole fluorescent molecule, forming 2‐(2‐hydroxypyridyl)benzothiazole (1). The formation of the proton‐transferred H1+•X− salts is confirmed in X− = Cl−, Br−, BF4−, and CF3COO− (trifluoroacetate, TFA−) wherein the highly acidic HX species are easily transferred to the pyridyl unit of 1. Normal ESIPT fluorescence is observed in H1+•BF4− crystals as the ESIPT active intramolecular O−H•••N= hydrogen‐bonding conformation (Stokes shift ≈ 8500 cm−1). In contrast, the H1+•Cl−, H1−•Br−, and H1+•TFA− salts exhibit an ESIPT inert structure without any intramolecular O−H•••N= hydrogen‐bonding structure (Stokes shift ≈ 9500 cm−1), which could not be sufficiently explained by normal ESIPT fluorescence. The excited‐state monoprotonated H1+ exhibits an intermolecular cation–anion proton transfer from N−H+•••X− to N•••HX, which transforms the cationic H1+ to neutral 1, and exhibits intense green fluorescence with a large Stokes shift.

This article presents a global shutter (GS) high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a high-frame-rate CMOS image sensor (CIS) for in situ fluid concentration distribution measurements using absorption imaging. The pixel consists of a ultraviolet (UV)-visible-near infrared (NIR) waveband pinned photodiode (PD) with high robustness against UV light irradiation for various measurement objects, two-stage lateral overflow integration capacitors (LOFIC) for high dynamic range and high SNR, and a voltage-domain memory bank for GS. The developed prototype CIS with 22.4-μm pitch pixels exhibited 69.7-dB maximum SNR, 123-dB dynamic range, and 1000-frames/s maximum frame rate under single exposure GS and successfully captured images of dynamic movement of NO 2 gas concentration distribution in the vacuum chamber for 300-mm-diameter wafers. Index Terms-Absorption imaging, CMOS image sensor (CIS), global shutter (GS), lateral overflow integration capacitor (LOFIC), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), wide dynamic range (WDR). I. INTRODUCTIONP RACTICAL realization of smart ways of manufacturing, agriculture, and healthcare is critical to improve the productivity and sustainability of our society. In these Manuscript