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Background and Purpose: TA3090 (Clentiazem) has been shown to have cerebrovascular protective properties in three experimental studies. An in vivo investigation was undertaken to determine its effects on pial arteries and cerebral blood flow and its therapeutic value in transient focal cerebral ischemia.Methods: This experiment was divided into two protocols. In the first, 200 or 400 ug/kg per hour TA3090 was administered continuously for 3 hours in cats without ischemic insult (n=6 for each group). The effects on pial arteries and cerebral blood flow were estimated. In the second protocol, 400 ,ug/kg per hour TA3090 (treated group, n=14) or physiological saline (control group, n=10) was administered 5 minutes before 1 hour of middle cerebral aretery occlusion in cats. The effects on the pial arteries and cerebral blood flow were observed continuously, followed by autoradiography for a quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow 5 hours after middle cerebral artery recirculation. The volumes of the cerebral edema and infarct were estimated by planimetry from cerebral preparations made for histological examination.Results: Pial arteries dilated by up to approximately 10%v in the 400-,ug group and 3% in the 200-p£g group 30 minutes after administration of TA3090. Increases in cerebral blood flow of about 10%o in the