Background: Online electronic records such as patient portals and personally controlled electronic health records (PEHRs) have been widely viewed as a key component to modernising the delivery of healthcare but the uptake of such systems has been slow. Objective: The purpose of this literature review was to determine what influences consumers to engage and interact with their clinical data online. Method: A scoping literature review following PRISMA guidelines was completed. Electronic patient record research published between January 2009 and December 2018 was included. Following screening and full-text reviews, a total of 64 records were included in this review. Results: Three key areas of influence on consumer engagement with their clinical data online emerged: demographic factors affecting consumer interaction with PEHRs; consumers’ perceived benefits and detriments of PEHR use; and the influence of PEHR use on consumer empowerment and responsibility. Discussion: Consumer motivation and readiness for engaging with their clinical data online and their long-term ongoing use of these systems requires further exploration. Conclusion: As worldwide rates of consumer interactions with individual online clinical data remain low, what influences consumer engagement with a PEHR remains unknown. Further research into the consumer perspective of, and interaction with, a PEHR, needs to be undertaken to determine if factors such as frequent usage of the system by consumers leads to improved clinical outcomes.