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Objectives: To explore the cross-sectional association between alcohol outlet density and police events in Manukau City, New Zealand. Methods Conclusions:The results do not imply causality. However, they are broadly consistent with availability theory, and imply that local alcohol policy should account for the effects of additional outlets when new licences are granted. While the methodological approach described here is easily transferable to investigate the relationships elsewhere, we suggest some areas for improvement of future studies.

Keywords:environmental sustainability / environmental management / ecological factors / biodiversity / living standards / water security / energy conservation / food security / climate change / temperature / precipitation / cyclones / agriculture / farmland / demography / urbanization / sociocultural environment / gender / community management / institutions / political aspects / remote sensing / natural disasters / monitoring / sustainable development / assessment / Southeast Asia / Oceania Copyright ©2014 by IWMI. All rights reserved. IWMI encourages the use of its material provided that the organization is acknowledged and kept informed in all such instances. Please direct inquiries and comments to: IWMI-Publications@cgiar.org A free copy of this publication can be downloaded at: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/other-publication-types/environmental-livelihoodsecurity-south-east-asia-oceania/ Environmental Livelihood Security in Southeast Asia and Oceania iii AcknowledgementsWe would like to acknowledge the incredibly positive and insightful comments from three anonymous reviewers whose insight has enabled us to strengthen the content of this paper. We would also like to thank Dr. Guy Boggs (Wheatbelt Natural Resource Management) and Dr. Nik Callow (The University of Western Australia) for their voluntary assistance during our workshop. International Water Management Institute (IWMI)University of Southampton, UK List of Tables Table 1. Share of Pacific economies dependent on natural resources (GDP share by sector, %) 19 Table 2. The planetary boundaries 22 Table 3. Summary of the range of units which can be assessed for security and potential threats to their security 39 Table 4. Features of the most popular participatory approaches to research and development 56 Table 5. Guiding questions applied to the mountain pine beetle epidemic case 65 Table 6. Trial indicators chosen for the capital assets for the three field sites 66 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis document addresses the need for explicit inclusion of livelihoods within the environment nexus (water-energy-food security), not only responding to literature gaps but also addressing emerging dialogue from existing nexus consortia. We present the first conceptualization of 'environmental livelihood security' , which combines the nexus perspective with sustainable livelihoods. The geographical focus of this paper is Southeast Asia and Oceania, a region currently wrought by the impacts of a changing climate. Climate change is the primary external forcing mechanism on the environmental livelihood security of communities in Southeast Asia and Oceania which, therefore, forms the applied crux of this paper. Finally, we provide a primer for using geospatial information to develop a spatial framework to enable geographical assessment of environmental livelihood security across the region. We conclude by linking the value of this research to ongoing sustainable development discussions, and for influencing policy agendas. The paper is split into three main parts: P...

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