Resumen. Las preguntas forman parte esencial del trabajo que desarrollan los científicos para construir nuevo conocimiento. Sin embargo, los alumnos formulan un número muy escaso de preguntas en las situaciones usuales de aula. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de las investigaciones realizadas sobre génesis de preguntas y se describen tres estudios empíricos realizados con estudiantes de diferentes niveles educativos ante dispositivos experimentales. Los objetivos fueron: 1) Estimular y analizar las preguntas de los estudiantes cuando intentan comprender los dispositivos; 2) Contrastar la idea de que la mayoría de preguntas destinadas a obtener información tienen su origen en inferencias fallidas; 3) Estudiar la influencia del nivel de conocimientos sobre las preguntas formuladas. El procedimiento produjo una cantidad aceptable de preguntas para obtener información, motivadas por conciencia de incomprensión de los estudiantes. Los resultados obtenidos apoyan la taxonomía de preguntas propuestas y muestran que los estudiantes de mayor conocimiento formulan más preguntas destinadas a construir un modelo científico del funcionamiento de los dispositivos. Los resultados se replican de forma consistente. Palabras clave. Preguntas, aprendizaje de las ciencias, dispositivos experimentales, educación secundaria. secondary education students' Questions on experimental devices Summary. Questions are essential in the construction of new knowledge by scientists. Nevertheless, students ask very few questions in usual classroom situations. In this paper we review the research work on question generation and describe three empirical studies conducted with students of different educational levels facing experimental devices. The aims were: 1) To stimulate and to analyse the questions asked by students when trying to understand the devices; 2) To probe the idea that most of the information seeking questions are originated by failed inferences; 3) To study the influence of the level of students' knowledge on the questions asked. The procedure produced a significant quantity of information seeking questions, caused by the students' awareness of misunderstanding. The results obtained support the taxonomy of questions proposed and show that higher knowledge students ask significantly more questions addressed to the scientific model construction than lower knowledge students. The results are replicated consistently.
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