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Article dealt with the questions of leadership transition in post–Mao Zedong/Deng Xiaoping era. During the time of Mao and Deng, factionalism played important roles in all segments of Chinese politics, including the election of a leader. After Mao and Deng, although factionalism persisted, it did not become contradiction, but rather it created a situation in which factions within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) cooperated in all aspects of Chinese politics. The main objective of this research was the perpetuation of the party’s grip on political power . The article also dealt with the questions of recruiting and educating party cadres. Career paths of three post-Deng Chinese leaders, i.e., Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping were also explored to explain the period they reached their peak of their careers by blood and sweat. This article finds that it cannot be denied that what is happening in China now in the area of leadership is using a system of a political dynasty.

Article discussed the writing principles that must be considered in compiling Chinese language teaching material specifically used for Marketing Communication students regarding the interest and target of Marketing Communication of Bina Nusantara University. The methodologies used are descriptive quantitative for distributing questionnaires and qualitative approach through observation and interview. Research found the appropriate and effective Chinese language teaching material would enhance the standard of Chinese language learning. At present, Chinese language teaching material used by Marketing Communication students has not been able to fulfill their requirements. In addition, the target learners of the teaching material are universal.

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<p>Penulis akan meneliti kalimat bahasa Jepang dan Mandarin yang mengandung unsur metafora/hiyu「比喩」pada novel Totto-chan. Pertama penulis akan mengambil kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung unsur metafora/hiyu pada light novel tersebut. Penulis akan mengumpulkan setidaknya 4 kalimat yang mengandung unsur metafora sebagai korpus data dari penelitian ini. Adapun keempat kalimat tersebut mengandung unsur metafora yang berbeda. Sesuai dengan jenisnya, penulis akan mengumpulkan kalimat-kalimat yang mengandung unsur chokuyu「直喩」/明喻(míngyù) dan inyu「隠喩」/暗喻(ànyù) dalam beberapa kalimat. Penulis akan menganalisis arti dari perumpamaan tersebut dengan teori -teori yang penulis dapatkan dan penulis bandingkan dengan Bahasa Mandarin. Korpus data akan diteliti dan dianalisis menggunakan kajian teori mengenai metafora dan teori makna. Metode yang penulis gunakan adalah metode kepustakaan. Selanjutnya setelah data-data terkumpul, penulis akan memulai penelitian dengan cara menganalisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Untuk simpulan sementara adalah meskipun terdapat perbedaan cara baca, tetapi terdapat persamaan fungsi dan pola gaya bahasa metafora yang mirip satu dengan yang lainnya.</p><p><em>In this research, I will analysis Japanese and Chinese metaphors texts (hiyu)/</em>「比喩」<em>using Totto-chan novel. Firstly, I will pick up some texts contain metaphors in this light novel, at least 4 sentences. Those sentences will be divided into 2 different metaphors. First is chokuyu</em>直喩」/明喻(<em>míngyù</em>)<em> and the second one is inyu</em>「隠喩」/暗喻 <em>(ànyù). Those Japanese and Chinese metaphors will be compared using Chinese and Japanese language metaphors theories. For that reasons, I will use literature collection method in this research. And after completed the sentences data, those sentences will be analyzed using descriptive analytic. As a conclusion, even though both of the words did not have similar pronunciation, intonation, and character, but both of the metaphor sentences have similar function and metaphor literary style. </em></p>