Melanin may play a significant role in the establishment and/or maintenance of the structure and function of the auditory system and may modulate the transduction of the auditory stimuli by the inner ear.

SLE and HUVS share both clinical and laboratory features and are probably not separate entities. It is mostly likely that HUVS and SLE fall into the same spectrum of autoimmune diseases. HUVS is probably a subset of SLE. As both diseases can fatally, it should be kept in mind that the overlap of SLE and HUVS may exhibit a relatively rapid progression and poor prognosis.

Rowell's syndrome (RS) is a rare presentation of lupus erythematosus (LE) with erythema multiforme-like lesions associated with antinuclear, anti-La (SS-B)/anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity. This syndrome is suggested to be a different variant of cutaneous lupus erythematosus by some authors in literature. Here we present a 64-year-old woman with LE and a 51-year-old woman with LE and Sjögren syndrome (SS) who had erythema multiforme-like eruptions and discuss the coexistence of lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme.

NB-UVB therapy is an effective, safe and practical alternative treatment modality for the management of PLEVA and PLC.

Narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB) therapy is an effective, well-tolerated treatment option in second-line therapy for COU. This therapy can lead to subjective relief of pruritus and whealing and objective reduction of whealing. Further larger studies with longer follow-up periods are necessary to determine the proper clinical response and long-term complications of this therapy in COU.