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Background: Health technology has increasingly moved toward adopting a "user-centred design" approach to include the user/patient throughout the innovation and design process; however, few studies have evaluated the patient's experience of such an engagement. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the role of patient engagement (PE) within e-health innovation research. Method: Using qualitative descriptive methodology, semistructured interviews were conducted with eight participants (patient partners and research/development team members). Findings: Key themes were centred on enablers of, challenges to and methods of improving PE. Conclusion: PE must be prioritized from study conception, explicitly programmed into study conduct and valued by integrating patient partner input.

Anthrax toxin channel, protective antigen (PA 63 ), is known to be strongly cation selective, the property that has determined the development of positively charged inhibitors as channel blockers. Successful interpretation of small ion transport through PA 63 can also contribute to the description of the translocase activity of the channel that transports the enzymatic factors of anthrax toxin, lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF), into the cytosol. It was recently suggested by Kalu et al (FEBS Letters, 2012) that PA 63 conductance is determined