DIMBOA[2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one] is a benzoxazinoid (Bx), part of the chemical defense system of graminaceous plants such as maize, wheat, and rye. When Bombyx mori larvae were fed artificial diets containing DIMBOA, they died in three days. In contrast, Mythimna separata larvae, a serious pest of rice, maize, sorghum, wheat etc., grew well on the same diets. Three kinds of glucosides [1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylamino)-1-deoxy--glucopyranoside-1,2-carbamate (methoxy glucoside carbamate), 2-O--glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA-2-O-Glc), and 2-O--glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HMBOA-2-O-Glc)] were identified by LC-MS and NMR analyses from the frass of M. separata that had been fed on a DIMBOA-containing diet. Furthermore, the incubation of DIMBOA with a midgut tissue suspension of M. separata in the presence of UDP-D-glucose generated DIMBOA-2-O-Glc. These findings strongly suggest that glucosylation by UDP-glucosyltransferase(s) was important for detoxification to circumvent the defenses of host plants against M. separata larvae.

The female sex pheromone of Rhizoglyphus setosus Manson (Astigmata: Acaridae) was identified as S-isorobinal (4S-4-isopropenyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxyaldehyde), which stimulated males sexually and enhanced the frequency of the male's tapping and mounting behavior. Although the female hexane extract indicated no sign of sex pheromone activity against tested males, possibly due to the presence of the alarm pheromone neryl formate, an SiO2 column fraction containing isorobinal elicited sex pheromone activity at a dose of one female equivalent. The stereochemistry of natural isorobinal was identified as S by an HPLC using a chiral column. Both S- and R-isorobinals exhibited maximum activity at the same dose of 1 and 10 ng with a convex dose-response relationship. Amounts of S-isorobinal were determined to be 11.7 +/- 1.0 ng per female and 6.4 +/- 1.3 ng per male by GLC. This is the second example of two pheromones (the alarm pheromone neryl formate, and the sex pheromone S-isorobinal) demonstrated to be components of the same opisthonotal gland secretion.

A total of 88 compounds, classified into 27 compounds with monoterpenoid carbon skeletons, two sesquiterpenes, eight aromatics, and 24 aliphatic compounds (a ketone, aldehydes, fatty acid esters and alkyl formates) together with 27 aliphatic hydrocarbons have been demonstrated as components of the opisthonotal gland secretions from 61 species of mites belonging to ten families of Astigmata in Acari.1) Parts of the compounds are known to function either as an alarm pheromone, an aggregation pheromone or a sex pheromone in each corresponding species. Among 27 monoterpenoids, ten compounds were first isolated and identified from Astigmata, with the structures unequivocally confirmed by synthesis. 1)Isorobinal [4-isopropenyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde, 1], one of such novel cyclic monoterpenes, has been identified from the secretion of the astigmatid mite Rhizoglyphus sp. "oki"2) [its ITS-II (internal transcriptive spacer-II) region consists of 460 bps (code name RH 6, GenBank Accession Number: AB104931)].3) (S)-Isomer of 1 has been demonstrated as the female sex pheromone of the related mite, Rhizoglyphus setosus (Acari: Acaridae), 4) using both enantiomers of 1 prepared by a group from Tohoku University 5) and also by us. Herein we report the syntheses of both enantiomers to determine the stereochemistry and the natural distribution of 1 among Astigmata. Methods and Materials Analytical methodsGC/MS was carried out using a Hewlett Packard HP-5989B gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer operated at 70 eV in the split-less mode, with an HP-5 MS capillary column (0.25 mm in diameter ϫ30 m in length, 0.25 mm in film thickness). Helium was used as the carrier gas at 1.23 ml/min, at temperatures programmed from 60°C to 290°C at 10°C/min, with an initial 2-min hold at 60°C and then at 290°C for 5 min.1 Hand 13 C-NMR spectra were obtained with a Bruker AC300 instrument ( 1 H at 300 MHz, 13 C at 75 MHz) in CDCl 3 solution with TMS as an internal standard. UV spectra were measured with a Beckman DU-64 spectrophotometer. Optical rotation values were measured with a Jasco DIP-370 spectropolarimeter.J. Pestic. Sci., 31(3), 311-315 (2006) Synthesis of (؉)-(S)-isorobinal together with its antipod

IntroductionThis paper considers the design method to realize the high-speed switching equipment at the level of 600 Mbit/s. which can switch the PCM-coded NTSC and HDTV signals. In the switching of the high-speed signals at the level of 600 Mbit/s. the equipment must be designed at the level close to the performance limit of the devices and implementation, which are generally available at the present stage.A method is provided which can estimate the upper limit of the switching equipment performance at the stage of design by relating the performance of the devices. More precisely, the single-stage spacedivision switch is analyzed, and it is shown that the 620-Mbit/s switching equipment can be realized by applying ECL with the transmission delay of some 0.4 ns and providing the retiming for each board. The feasibility is demonstrated by an experimental setup and the usefulness of the proposed method is indicated. By the proposed method, it is also possible to estimate the number of parallel bits, when the parallel switching is planned using low-speed components. The maximum operating speed is discussed also for the switching using retiming methods.The communication service using the moving picture is expected according to the introduction of the optical fiber to the subscriber system and the economical implementation by LSI. The fiber-to-the-home system, which can integrate from the low-speed N-ISDN to the B-ISDN, as well as the communication and the broadcast, has been studied and developed because of its possibility to provide new services in the subscriber system. As to the moving picture that can be handled by this system, NTSC system (4-MHz bandwidth) is standardized at present, but it is desirable that high-definition TV (HDTV) that has superior features such as high-quality and a large-size screen should also be offered.We proposed a high-speed broadband circuit switching system in which digitized video signals such as NTSC and HDTV can be switched [l]. The system can integrate the communication service such as end-to-end communication, e.g., video conferencing and the video retrieval service and the distribution service such as CATV. The digital information to be switched in such a system has the rate of approximately 45 Mbit/s and approximately 140 Mbit/s for NTSC and approximately 140 Mbitls and approximately 600 Mbit/s for the distribution quality of HDTV [2]. There are some examples of realization of the switching equipment for the digital information exceeding 1 1SSN87564621/92/OOO6-OOO1$7.50/0 1992 Scripta Technica, Inc.

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