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A 38-year-old Turkish woman with the clinical diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus but with negative LE cell tests developed a positive LE cell test and anti-DNA and anti-RNA antibodies coincident to manifestations of serum hepatitis. Tuberculosis, present at the same time, may have been an additional factor.It has often been suggested that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases are the result of altered immunity to naturally occurring viral infections. There are increased titers of antibodies to several groups of human viral pathogens in patients with SLE (1-3), and tubuloreticular structures, possibly related to virus infection (4), are found in the kidneys (5), skin (6), liver (7) and circulating leukocytes (8) from patients with SLE. The infection of NZB/ NZW mice with some viruses accelerates the course of their lupus-like illness (O), and the anti-RNA antibodies from patients with SLE

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