In the presence of ozone and an appropriate catalyst, nitrogen dioxide acts as a powerful nitrating agent at low temperatures, converting arenes into polynitro derivatives in good yields.

In the presence of ozone and appropriate catalyst, nitrogen oxides (NO, N2O3, and NO2) exhibit strong nitrating ability, converting nonactivated arenes into the corresponding nitro derivatives in good to moderate yields.

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A method of on-line residual life prediction is proposed for condition based maintenance of industrial equipment. With on-line monitoring of condition of the industrial equipment, the residual life is evaluated by using on-line prediction of the equipment deterioration. The deterioration prediction is based on the on-line identification of the mathematical model of deterioration process. To improve the accuracy of the deterioration prediction, outlier elimination technique is introduced. The proposed method was applied to actual data of rotating equipment in a thermal power plant and the results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.