Background. An essential way to ensure patient safety in the hospital is by applying pharmacy services in emergency units. This strategy was implemented in Indonesia several years ago, with the aim of ensuring that adequate pharmacy services are given to patients in hospitals. To achieve this, pharmacists are required to cooperate with other health workers via inter-professional teamwork. This study intended to identify the perceptions and expectations of health workers with respect to pharmacy services in emergency units. Methods. This was a qualitative study, using a phenomenological approach with a semi-structured interview technique to obtain data. This study was performed at the Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Hospital Kupang from June to September 2018. The results of the interviews were thematically analyzed using QSR NVivo software 11. Results. The themes identified in this study included: (1) The positive impact of pharmacists in service; (2) Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) influence; (3) Acceptance of health workers; (4) Medication administration information; and (5) Expectations of health workers. Various perceptions were conveyed by participants regarding the emergency unit services in the hospital’s pharmaceutical department. Data obtained proved that the existence of a pharmacist increased the efficiency of time for services and prevented human error. Conclusion. Pharmacists and policy-makers play a significant role in providing appropriate pharmaceutical services in emergency units. Pharmacists also need to improve their quality of practice in accordance with their competence. They must review the patient medical history and physician’s prescriptions, educate the patients and other health workers, so that the workload and service time will be reduced.

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BACKGROUND: Millions of cells in multicellular organisms regenerate every day to replace aged and died cells. Effective cell clearance (efferocytosis) is critical for tissue homeostasis, as the human body recycles its cellular components. We summarize what is known about the mechanisms of efferocytosis and how it impacts the physiology of the organism, effects on inflammation and the adaptive immune response, as well as the consequences of defects in this critical homeostatic mechanism in this review.CONTENT: Cell death is the process by which the human body replaces aged or damaged cells with new ones. It can be triggered by genetically encoded machinery or regulated cell death, or by specific pharmacologic or genetic interventions, resulting in accidental cell death. Dying cells release signals that entice phagocytes to engulf them in a process known as efferocytosis. Efferocytosis is a multistep process involving the release of “find me” and “eat me” signals and destruction of death cells by phagocytes. Different types of cell death including apoptosis and necroptosis can express pro- or anti-inflammatory signals via macrophage activity modulation.SUMMARY: Failed or ineffective efferocytosis can result in disruption of tissue homeostasis, which can contribute to the development of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. Therefore, any therapeutic strategy that enhances efferocytosis will have a beneficial effect on the treatment of these metabolic disorders.KEYWORDS: apoptosis, necroptosis, phagocytosis, efferocytosis, macrophage.

Penggunaan psikotropika dan obat mengandung prekursor farmasi (OMPF) tanpa petunjuk atau resep dokter merupakan tindakan di luar indikasi medis yang dapat menyebabkan pengguna mengalami ketergantungan dan menimbulkan gangguan dalam aktivitas sehari-hari akibat pemakaian yang bersifat patologik (menimbulkan kelainan). Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengawasan terhadap penangan dan penyaluran produk khusus psikotropika dan OMPF salah satunya oleh Pedagang Besar Farmasi (PBF). PBF merupakan suatu perusahaan berbadan hukum yang memperoleh izin dalam proses pengadaan, pelaksanaan penyimpanan, hingga proses penyaluran obat dan/atau bahan obat dengan jumlah yang besar sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Cara Distribusi Obat yang Baik (CDOB) merupakan pedoman dalam  melaksanakan proses penyaluran dan pendistribusian obat atau bahan obat sehingga mutu poduk dapat terjamin sepanjang jalur distribusi. Tujuan: untuk mengetahui kepatuhan pelaksanaan CDOB berdasarkan regulasi pemerintah dan regulasi internal terkait penanganan dan penyaluran produk khusus psikotropika dan OMPF di PBF PT “X” di Kota Tasikmalaya. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara observasional deskriptif yaitu menggunakan metode observasi langsung dan wawancara dengan menggunakan daftar ceklis kuisioner. Hasil: Perolehan kepatuhan penerapan CDOB terkait produk khusus Psikotropika dan OMPF dari kuisioner yang berjumlah 19 pertanyaan, PBF PT “X” telah memenuhi semua aspek CDOB. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil observasi, dan wawancara langsung didapatkan kesimpulan penerapan Cara Distribusi Obat yang Baik di PBF PT “X” di Kota Tasikmalaya telah terlaksana dengan sangat baik.