Choroid plexus tumors are rare intracranial tumors which account for only 0.4-0.6% of all brain tumors. These are intraventricular papillary neoplasms derived from choroid plexus epithelium and range from choroid plexus papillomas (World Health Organisation (WHO) grade I) to choroid plexus carcinomas (WHO grade III). It is an important albeit rare cause of hydrocephalous. We present to you the case of a 1-year-old child who presented with the signs and symptoms of hydrocephalous and was diagnosed as choroid plexus papilloma on histopathology.

Context: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been one of the deadliest pandemics in recent decade. The virus has specifically targeted the comorbid population in terms of mortality. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall mortality and diabetes-associated mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: To obtain the related data, six databases, including Pubmed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and DOAJ, were searched. The full-texts of articles presenting the data of COVID-19 mortality and diabetes-associated mortality were screened and retrieved. Statistical analysis was performed using the Stata (version 13). The odds ratio (OR) of mortality in diabetic patients was calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI). Random-effects model was used to synthesize data for the relevant outcomes. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Forest plots visually showed the effect estimates of the included studies. We used funnel plots to evaluate potential publication bias. A two tailed P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 35 studies with 25,934 patients were finally included for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with COVID-19 was 16.8% (n = 4381). The overall mortality seen in all the studies was 12.81% (n = 3159), and diabetes-associated mortality was 22.14% (n = 970). The pooled analysis of included studies showed that diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher mortality rate (22.14% vs. 12.81%, P < 0.05) with higher odds of death (pooled OR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.61 - 2.05). The funnel plot was symmetric, thereby indicating a low risk of publication bias. Conclusions: In conclusion, the presence of diabetes was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality in patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19. Thus, the subpopulation must be continuously monitored for glycemic levels, coagulation abnormalities, and inflammatory surge.

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that typically affects medium-sized muscular arteries, with occasional involvement of small muscular arteries. Unlike some other vasculitides (e.g. microscopic polyarteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis) PAN is not associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Patients typically present with systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and malaise. The kidneys, skin, joints, muscles, nerves, and gastrointestinal tract are commonly involved, usually in some combination. PAN can affect any organ, but usually spare the lungs. Clinical variants or subsets of PAN include single-organ disease and cutaneous-only PAN. Scrotal involvement is rarely the first presenting sign. We herein report a case of 36-year-old man who presented with a swelling in the left epididymis, which was surgically removed. The swelling histopathologically showed necrotizing inflammation, fibrinoid necrosis of the medium-sized arteries of the epididymis and was diagnosed to be single organ variant of PAN.

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Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the spleen is extremely rare. Since the first description of primary splenic MFH reported by Govoni et al in 1982, to the best of our knowledge, only twelve cases of MFH of the spleen have been reported in the literature. We herein report a rare case of primary splenic MFH in a 30-year-old Indian male who presented with abdominal pain with a history of recurrent hydatid cyst of liver and spleen. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed and a diagnosis of splenic hydatid cyst was made. Splenectomy was done. On histopathological examination, a diagnosis of malignant mesenchymal tumor, possibly storiform variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, was made. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor was positive for vimentin and CD68. The post operative period was uneventful. Compared with the twelve previously cases of MFH of the spleen, our patient is the youngest case reported so far.