We describe the first precision measurement of the electron's electric dipole moment (eEDM, de) using trapped molecular ions, demonstrating the application of spin interrogation times over 700 ms to achieve high sensitivity and stringent rejection of systematic errors. Through electron spin resonance spectroscopy on 180 Hf 19 F + in its metastable 3 ∆1 electronic state, we obtain de = (0.9 ± 7.7stat ± 1.7syst) × 10 −29 e cm, resulting in an upper bound of |de| < 1.3 × 10 −28 e cm (90% confidence). Our result provides independent confirmation of the current upper bound of |de| < 9.3 × 10−29 e cm [J. Baron et al., Science 343, 269 (2014)], and offers the potential to improve on this limit in the near future.A search for a nonzero permanent electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].The most precise eEDM measurements to date were performed using thermal beams of neutral atoms or molecules [3][4][5]. These experiments benefited from excellent statistical sensitivity provided by a high flux of neutral atoms or molecules, and decades of past work have produced a thorough understanding of their common sources of systematic error. Nonetheless, a crucial systematics check can be provided by independent measurements conducted using different physical systems and experimental techniques. Moreover, techniques that allow longer interrogation times offer significant potential for sensitivity improvements in eEDM searches and other tests of fundamental physics [10].In this Letter, we report on a precision measurement of the eEDM using molecular ions confined in a radio frequency (RF) and our use of an RF trap allow us to attain spin precession times in excess of 700 ms -nearly three orders of magnitude longer than in contemporary neutral beam experiments. This exceptionally long interrogation time allows us to obtain high eEDM sensitivity despite our lower count rate. In addition, performing an experiment on trapped particles permits the measurement of spin precession fringes at arbitrary free-evolution times, making our experiment relatively immune to systematic errors due to initial phase shifts associated with imperfectly characterized state preparation.Our apparatus and experimental sequence, shown schematically in Fig. 1, have been described in detail previously [11,12,[18][19][20][21]. We produce HfF by ablation of Hf metal into a pulsed supersonic expansion of Ar and SF 6 . The reaction of Hf with SF 6 produces HfF, which is entrained in the supersonic expansion and rovibrationally cooled through collisions with Ar. The resulting beam enters the RF trap, where HfF is ionized with pulsed UV lasers at 309.4 nm and 367.7 nm to form HfF + in its 1 Σ + , v = 0 ground vibronic state [19,20]. The ions are stopped at the center of the RF trap by a pulsed voltage on the radial trap electrodes, then confined by a DC axial electric quadrupole field and an RF radial electric quadrupole field with frequency f rf = 50 kHz. We next adiabatically turn on a spatially uniform electric bias field E rot ≈ 24 V/c...

We present a first implementation of optical-frequency-comb-based rapid trace gas detection in the molecular fingerprint region in the mid-infrared. Near-real-time acquisition of broadband absorption spectra with 0.0056 cm(-1) maximum resolution is demonstrated using a frequency comb Fourier transform spectrometer which operates in the 2100-to-3700-cm(-1) spectral region. We achieve part-per-billion detection limits in 30 seconds of integration time for several important molecules including methane, ethane, isoprene, and nitrous oxide. Our system enables precise concentration measurements even in gas mixtures that exhibit continuous absorption bands, and it allows detection of molecules at levels below the noise floor via simultaneous analysis of multiple spectral features.

Cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy combines broad bandwidth, high spectral resolution, and ultrahigh detection sensitivity in one experimental platform based on an optical frequency comb efficiently coupled to a high-finesse cavity. The effective interaction length between light and matter is increased by the cavity, massively enhancing the sensitivity for measurement of optical losses. Individual comb components act as independent detection channels across a broad spectral window, providing rapid parallel processing. In this review we discuss the principles, the technology, and the first applications that demonstrate the enormous potential of this spectroscopic method. In particular, we describe various frequency comb sources, techniques for efficient coupling between comb and cavity, and detection schemes that utilize the technique's high-resolution, wide-bandwidth, and fast data-acquisition capabilities. We discuss a range of applications, including breath analysis for medical diagnosis, trace-impurity detection in specialty gases, and characterization of a supersonic jet of cold molecules.