Introduction: Too few medical graduates choose to care for underserved populations. This qualitative study explores medical student perceptions of the beneUts of participating in the Underserved Pathway (UP), a 4-year extracurricular program designed to nurture interest in, and develop skills to serve vulnerable populations.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to examine the value relevance of accounting information in cases of apparent audit failures. Design/methodology/approach-The authors adopt the bootstrapping technique and compare the value relevance of key accounting information across samples of firms experiencing apparent audit failures with matched non-audit failure firms. Findings-Accounting information is found to be less value relevant for firms experiencing apparent audit failures, regardless of auditor reputation. Research limitations/implications-This study has limitations due to the ex ante research approach adopted. Future research could address this issue by possibly incorporating an "intervening" factor into the model to indicate how the market can differentiate audit failure firms from other firms. Originality/value-The paper gives support to the assertion that the market appears to rely less on accounting numbers when audit failures occur, even though formal allegations of audit failure may not appear until years after their occurrence. In addition to contributing to value-relevance research by providing empirical evidence for the market phenomenon around the time of material misstatements, the paper demonstrates an innovative application of bootstrapping to test for differences in R 2 .

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This instructional case provides you an opportunity to perform realistic audit tasks using evidence obtained from an actual company. Through the use of engaging materials, the case helps you to develop an understanding of the control environment concepts presented in SAS No. 78 (AICPA 1995), Consideration of Internal Control in a Financial Statement Audit, and fraud risk assessment presented in SAS No. 99 (AICPA 2002), Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit. This case involves making a series of fraud risk assessments based on company background information and a detailed and realistic control environment questionnaire, which provide you a context that makes the often abstract concepts relating to control environment and fraud risk assessment more concrete.