In non-smokers, only high concentrations of nicotine (10 rs\M) caused platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Both responses to ADP and 5-HT were enhanced at 1 and 10 mM nicotine while they were inhibited to collagen, ristocetin, adrenaline and arachidonic acid. Lower concentrations of nicotine had no effect with any agent other than 5-HT, with which a variable enhancement of 5-HT-induced aggregation was observed. Uptake of 14C-5-HT was inhibited by nicotine at 100 μM or higher while platelet factor 3 availability was unaffected. Thus it is unlikely that direct effects of nicotine on platelets are responsible for smoking-related changes in platelet reactivity.
Photographing urban space has always been my interest, even before I entered architectural school and began my career as an architect. When I was still at school, I already enjoyed observing, through my camera, on how the complex yet limited public spaces in Hong Kong accommodated the diverse and spontaneous street life. Studying & practising in architecture further shaped my interest in exploring Hong Kong’s urban topics beyond the visuals. My approach in urban photography promotes spatial aesthetics that embrace diverse cultures in public space, and controversially suggests how we introspect our way & attitude living in contemporary cities.
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