An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) for imidaclothiz was developed. The hapten of imidaclothiz was synthesized and conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin (OVA) to form the artificial antigens. MoAbs were obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice. Under the optimized conditions (10% methanol, 0.14 M Na(+), and pH 7.4), the half-maximal inhibition concentration (IC(50)) was 0.0875 ± 0.0034 mg/L and the limit of detection (IC(20)) was 0.0178 ± 0.0018 mg/L for imidaclothiz. There were no obvious cross-reactivities with most of the structural analogues of neonicotinoid insecticides, except imidacloprid. The recoveries of imidaclothiz in environmental and agricultural samples, including tap water, paddy water, soil, and cabbage, ranged from 80.43 to 113.83%, well within the requirements of residue detection. These results showed that this immunoassay could be used for the determination of imidaclothiz in environmental and agricultural samples.

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An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for flonicamid was developed based on a polyclonal antibody.