Breast conservative surgery, partial breast irradiation, whole breast irradiation, , cosmetic results, Brachytherapy Breast-conserving therapy consists of wide local excision (WLE) followed by whole-breast irradiation (WBI).It is already widely accepted as an alternative to mastectomy. It is used for the treatment of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) is a new strategy. It is characterized by being shorter & an alternative radiation technique for a highly selected patients with favorable early-stage breast cancer. The objective of this review article is to analyze different modalities of APBI delivery and discuss the possible benefits and harms associated with this new platform. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:-Breast cancer has the highest incidence among all cancers in female. In early-stage breast cancer (stage ≤ II), the use of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) is a well-established treatment option. It is comparable to total mastectomy with good results as far as rates of local-regional control and overall survival. It enables patients to maintain their breasts with an acceptable cosmetic results [1]. In the initial trials regarding BCT that were done in the 1970s and 1980s, the new strategy typically involved segmental mastectomy with level I & II axillary lymph node dissection, followed by whole-breast irradiation (WBI). Radiation therapy (RT) is given with a dose of 45-50 Gy over the course of 5 weeks, with or without a boost to the tumor bed. WBI is a relatively well-tolerated treatment. This modality has resulted in good long-term cosmetic results, with low rates of treatment-associated morbidity. The Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group in their meta-analysis has demonstrated that the addition of radiation therapy (RT) to breast-conserving surgery has improved not only local-regional control, but also long-term overall survival [2]. In accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) a limited volume of breast tissue is irradiated. This includes tumor bed, lumpectomy or wide local excision with safety margins. It is delivered over a short period of time with increasing the fraction dose. Changing the strategy from whole breast irradiation to a small target (only part of the breast) as in APBI needs full investigation & scrutiny not only because of potential changes in local control but also for its possible impact on the overall survival . Aim of This Review:-Despite of the presence of advanced studies, the role, indication and the optimum APBI technique are still yet to be clearly identified. Therefore, in this review, we will try to find an answer for a number of controversial issues for better identification of the following: