Time of concentration Tc is defined as the wave travel time from the most hydraulically remote point to the point of study. Tc is an important element in hydrological studies, especially in drainage system designs and the estimations of flood arrival time. The common approach in the estimation of Tc is based on Kinematic Wave (KW) approximation for both overland flow and river routing. This approximation, however, may not be appropriate on a flood plain with inundations. The main objective of this study is to propose the estimation of Tc with Diffusive Wave (DW) approximation considering the effect of flood inundation. The proposed method is demonstrated in the Kelantan River basin, Malaysia, focusing on a severe flood event in December 2014. This study compares the estimated Tc with other estimations based a Rainfall-Runoff-Inundation simulation and with a simple correlation method between rainfall amount in different durations and peak river discharges. In consequence, the proposed method with DW approximation with flood inundation showed closer estimations of Tc by the other two methods.
has led to the existence of an internet dependence dilemma (internet addiction) which leads to their low efficiency, lack of interest andmotivation, postponing important academic tasks and jobs, and causing academic delays. This study was conducted to investigatethe relationship of between particular factors contributing to internet addiction namely anxiety, depression, self-control and internetaddiction itself with academic procrastination among undergraduate students from UUM College of Business (COB). This study is included 370 UUM COB undergraduate students by using questionnaire to collect data and data analysis is conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive analysis, reliability test, normality test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to identifying relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. Results showed anxiety was found a significant relationship with academic procrastination. Besides that, depression and internet addiction were also significant contributing factor to academic procrastination. Lastly, existence of negative significant relationship between self-control and academic procrastination.
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