Due to the dangerous alarm for many engineering applications such as energy generating systems and pipelines transporting oil, gas and its derivatives under high-pressure, a study of the effect of thermal and mechanical loading on the cracked materials and pipes at high-temperature environments is required. In this work, the influence of the thermal loadings on stresses analysis of pressurized and cracked pressurized pipes has been solved numerically where the mode I crack's type has been considered. The modeling process mainly aims to find the stress intensity factor, J-integral calculations and the stress distributions. The accuracy of the results has been compared with analytical solutions of a pressurized cylinder. The mesh around the crack have been modeled in a careful way to obtain accurate stress distributions. It was found that the surface’s temperature has a significant effect on stress distributions, for example, the stresses increased by 50% with increasing the temperature differences between the inner and outer pipe’s diameter. Additionally, the stress intensity factor and the J-integrals values were calculated for different crack length ratios and temperature differences. It is found at the crack length ratio of 0.6 the stress intensity factors increased up to 50% from 45 to 76 and J-integral increased by 77% from 250 kN/m to 430 kN/m. Also, the influence of fluid’s temperature investigated, and the result showed that by increasing the fluid’s temperature without cracks, the stresses decreased by 33%. Also, it was found that for different crack length ratios the J-integral and stress intensity reduces when the fluid’s temperature increases.

Over the last two decades, the rapid and continued deterioration of the transportation network has been regarded as a major issue. There are many measures that can be taken to reduce this deterioration and improve road specifications, including improving road design, using higher quality materials, and using more efficient construction methods. This study is concerned with three principles: including investigating the impact of using waste paste on the rheological properties of bitumen; the environmental pollution that is a global problem; and the economic benefits as a result of the reusing of waste materials such as corks to produce new reusable materials like Modified-Asphalt. In this research, cork has been melted by thinner and mixed with asphalt to get a good paste with weight percentages of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. After conducting the necessary tests on the samples, it was found that the addition of waste paste to virgin bitumen has softened the bitumen by decreasing the hardness and adhesiveness of the bitumen by increasing penetration with increasing cork paste content. The findings show that the current procedure can be used in cold regions because it requires less hard asphalt than that used in hot regions. It can also be used with natural asphalt, like natural rock asphalt, in various percent to give asphalt with suitable properties for use in roofing and paving roads.

Rock asphalt is one of the widely distributed resources in nature. Therefore, this study employs natural rock asphalt as an additive. The focus of this study is to look at the potential of using natural rock asphalt as an asphalt binder modifier. The study looks at five different percentages of modified asphalt (NRA) concentration from Anbar factory asphalt for oxidized bitumen: 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The results show that using modified natural rock asphalt increased the mechanical qualities of basic asphalt, such as penetration and softening point, flash point, and viscosity. In addition, the current results show that the asphaltic materials that can be used in paving according to the measuring of conventional tests such as ductility, penetration, and others. Furthermore, the findings indicate that modified asphalt has lower temperature sensitivity.

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