Camel's products are regarded historically as having a high-quality source of nutrients and used to treat various ailments. In particular, camel's milk and urine have been applied to treat disorders stemming from persistent liver dysfunction. The objective of this study was to explore the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanisms of camel's biological fluids (i.e., milk and urine) on D-Gal-induced liver injury in mice. Mice was allocated randomly into four groups of six mice each. Group 1 administered normal saline orally (p.o.) for 14 days. Group 2 were given normal saline for 14 days and D-GalN (800 mg/kg i.p.) 24 hr before the last saline administration and served as disease control. Group 3 and 4 were treated orally with camel's milk and urine (10 mL/kg) for 14 days, respectively, and 24 hr before the last dose D-Gal dose (800 mg/kg i.p.). At the end of the experiment, the blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes for biomarkers' analysis and liver tissues were harvested for histology. A marked increase in liver function tests (i.e., AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LDH and bilirubin) was observed in the D-Gal-treated mice compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Treatment with camel's milk and urine significantly ameliorated hepatic injury and improved liver histology findings. The protective mechanism of camel's milk and urine also appeared to be dependent on the downregulation of NF-κB and the reinstatement of antioxidant enzyme levels via the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. The biological fluids or excreta of camel (i.e., milk and urine) could have a potential application in the management acute hepatic injury and future clinical testing is warranted. RezumatÎncă din cele mai vechi timpuri, fluidele biologice ale cămilei, considerate o sursă de nutrienți de înaltă calitate, au fost folosite pentru a trata diverse afecțiuni. Laptele și urina de cămilă au fost utilizate în special pentru a trata disfuncții hepatice persistente. Scopul acestui studiu a fost de a explora efectele hepatoprotectoare și mecanismele potențiale ale fluidelor biologice de cămilă asupra leziunilor hepatice induse de D-Gal la șoareci. Animalele au fost repartizate aleatoriu în patru grupuri de câte șase șoareci fiecare. Grupului 1 i s-a administrat soluție salină normală pe cale orală (p.o.) timp de 14 zile. Grupului 2, grupul control, i s-a administrat soluție salină timp de 14 zile și D-GalN (800 mg/kg i.p.) cu 24 de ore înainte de ultima administrare. Grupurile 3 și 4 au fost tratate oral cu lapte de cămilă și urină (10 ml/kg) timp de 14 zile, respectiv cu 24 h înainte de ultima doză au primit D-GalN (800 mg/kg i.p.). La sfârșitul experimentului, au fost recoltate probe de sânge în tuburi heparinizate pentru analiza biomarkerilor, iar țesuturile hepatice au fost recoltate pentru histologie. La șoarecii tratați cu D-Gal s-a observat o creștere marcată a testelor funcționale hepatice (AST, ALT, GGT, ALP, LDH și bilirubină) în comparație cu grupul control (p < 0,05). Tratamentul cu lapte și urină de cămilă a ameliorat semn...
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