Current study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge management and performance excellence through the effect of knowledge management (KM) on technological vigilance within pharmaceutical manufacturing organizations in Jordan. Depending on quantitative approach, 270 questionnaires were distributed among employees and leaders of 49 pharmaceutical manufacturing organizations in Jordan to examine the effect of KM and its chosen variables, Organizational Culture, Leadership, Organizational Processes, Organization's Politics and Strategies, on delivering organization to performance excellence through the mediating role of technological vigilance. Results of the study indicate a positive influence of KM on delivering organization to excellence; this influence was attributed to mainly leadership as the basic driver. The results also indicate that technological vigilance mediates the relationship between knowledge management and delivering the organization to the state of performance excellence. Moreover, the study results indicate that KM enhances the organization's ability to retain and improve organizational performance and helps deliver it to excellence based on experience and knowledge. Knowledge management allows the institution to define the required knowledge, document, develop, share, apply and evaluate this knowledge and it is an approach for excellent performance. Study recommends increasing efforts towards providing the requirements of applying knowledge management, and the need for organizational structures to be horizontal and flexible, and there must be conscious and eager leadership to apply knowledge management and encourage the exchange of information, and the need for organizational culture to be conducive to the application of knowledge.

This paper aims at examining the influence of strategic leadership on increasing ethical practices within pharmaceutical organizations in Jordan. Variables of strategic leadership include work environment, leader's traits, leadership style and strategic leaders' performance. The study designs a questionnaire and distributes it among (277) employees and leaders within pharmaceutical organizations in Jordan. The results of the study indicate positive influence of strategic leadership on ethical practices among individuals and employees in the organization. Results also indicate that leadership performance maintained the strongest effect on ethical stands attributed from strategic leadership which gives an indication that a good performance strategic leadership is probably more influential on ethical practices and decision making in pharmaceutical organizations. The study recommends that organizations within pharmaceutical industry should pay extra attention to aspects that are related to increase employees' awareness towards ethics in leadership and business.

This article looks at how managerial competencies affect SMEs' (Small and Medium Enterprises) performance in Jordan. 354 SMEs were chosen randomly. Structured questionnaires were used to gather data, focused on SME owners' and managers' perceptions of managerial competencies and SME performance. The investigation made use of the structural equation modeling (SEM) package SmartPLS, enabling the evaluation of intricate linkages with latent variables. The results demonstrate the significant influence of managerial competencies on the operation of SMEs in Jordan. By presenting empirical data on the impact of managerial competences in increasing SME performance and stressing their significance for achieving sustainable growth and competitiveness, the study adds to the body of existing knowledge in this area. These insights can help managers, policymakers, and SME owners improve their managerial skills, which will improve the performance of the Jordanian SME sector.Small and Medium Businesses.

Purpose: the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of tax legislation frequency and awareness on tax disclosures in publicly held companies in Jordan and the USA.   Theoretical Framework: the study utilizes a theoretical framework that considers the transparency, tax evasion, and availability of financial resources to the companies. The research employs an analysis of peer-reviewed journals and reports to explore the interaction between these variables.   Findings: the findings reveal that frequent changes in tax legislation reduce awareness levels but have no significant effect on transparency. Companies tend to prefer minimal disclosures rather than making extensive reports. Controlled policy changes enable companies to adjust their practices and influence the availability of resources. Increased awareness of tax policies enhances corporate understanding, but its impact on transparency is limited unless there is a mandatory requirement. Higher levels of awareness also contribute to reduced corporate evasion and improved availability of financial resources.   Implications of the research: the study has implications for tax legislators, providing insights into developing more effective tax legislation that enhances disclosures.   Originality/value: It highlights the importance of considering other moderating factors that influence policy effectiveness across different countries.

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