Delay is one of the greatest challenges facing the implementation of construction projects. The completion project time is considered one of the measure indicators for assessing the success of any project. Delays usually have negative impacts of financial and social to all parties involved in the projects. The aim of the study is to find the most important causes of delay by evaluating the common causes of delays in terms of frequency, severity, and important indices in implementation of public construction projects in Erbil Governorate related to owners, contractors, consultants, and external factors. The data gathered through conducting a questionnaire for perception various parties involved in implementation of public construction projects. For these purpose, 104 forms of questionnaire were distributed to various parts to identify the delay causes in accordance with their opinions. It was concluded that the most significant factors causing the delay in construction of public project in Erbil Governorate related to the owner were “variation orders by owner during the construction” which came in the first rank, while the cause of delay related to the consultant that came in the first rank was “unclear and inadequate details in drawings,” whereas the factor related to the contractor which came in the first rank was “selecting incompetent contractor.”

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Groundwater Protection begins with an assessment of the sensitivity of its environment. This study attempts to create a groundwater vulnerability map for Erbil city, Groundwater quality management can be effectively carried out by mapping for groundwater vulnerability to contamination. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the vulnerability of the aquifer to pollution in Erbil city, and to discover the groundwater vulnerable zones to pollution in the aquifer of the study area and to provide spatial analysis of the parameters and conditions under which groundwater may become polluted by using DRASTIC method within GISienvironment. According to the DRASTIC model index, the results show that in the South-eastern part of the studied area, highly vulnerability to pollution due to the aquifer media consists of gravel and sand, it is also found that the most parameter effects on the calculation is the soil media. It found that when the soil is gravel, "the Impact of Vadose Zone" is composed of gravel and sand and "Hydraulic conductivity" is high. Most of the studied areas are found to be classified within the moderate level of vulnerability to contamination.

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Construction projects have a unique nature which takes the high risk due to many interrelated parameters. This study aims to investigate and assess the influence of the risk factors that occurred during the lifecycle of a school project which comprises the design phases, implementation and operation and maintenance. In addition to examining the effects of the internal and external risk factors that contributed by the school’s construction, in order to avoid the risk occurrence during the lifecycle of the projects. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a number of engineers in the Governmental Sectors (School buildings sector, Kirkuk Governorate sector, and Municipal sector in Kirkuk Government and Buildings sector in Erbil Governorate) in northern Iraq. The collected data which were analyzed using the relative importance index (RII) and matrix analysis to prioritize the project risks. The analysis results were revealed that the most significant risk factors in the school’s project lifecycle and construction were providing a proper water supply and storage system to maintain a continuous good quality of water, incompetent contractors and sub-contractors for completing school buildings, using proper construction materials to avoid cracks in the building, lack of safety in project site, keep the toilets clean to avoid diseases, and providing an emergency exits were considered the most significant risk factors in construction of school buildings.