This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the impact of corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, sales growth, and corporate size on corporate resilience. The purposive sampling technique obtained a sample of 44 companies registered in IDX80 as of February 2020. This study uses corporate quantitative methods with secondary data from sustainability reports and annual reports published by each corporate through the website www.idx.co.id or its official website. Data analysis in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS 25 software. The findings of this study are that partially, CSR on the topic of Environment has no significant effect on corporate resilience, but the topic of Economics and Social affect corporate resilience significantly. Corporate governance on the board of commissioners and directors has no significant effect on corporate resilience, but the board of audit committee significantly affects corporate resilience. Sales growth and corporate size significantly affect the corporate's resilience. Then, CSR, corporate governance, sales growth, and corporate size significantly affect the corporate's resilience.

AbstrakPendahuluan:Retinopati hipertensi adalah kondisi yang ditandai perubahan dengan vascular pada pasien dengan peningkatan tekanan darah. Perubahan vaskular retina pada hipertensi secara umum dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi perubahan arteriolar dan lesi retinopati yang lebih lanjut. Tujuan:Untuk mengetahui profil retinopati hipertensi di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Metode:Semua pasien hipertensi dari Bagian Ilmu Penyakit Dalam yang berobat kepoli mata sejak Juli -September 2012. Hasil: Dari 86 pasien, 38 orang (44,19%) didiagnosa sebagai Retinopati Hipertensi Keith Wagenergrade II, 23,6% grade I, 18,61% tidak ada tanda Retinopati Hipertensi, dan tidak ada yang didiagnosis dengan grade IV. Berdasarkan kelompok umur,didapat 40 pasien laki-laki dan 46 perempuan dengan frekwensi terbanyak pada 51-60 tahun 34 orang, terutama pada Grade II sebanyak 19 orang. Berdasarkan riwayat hipertensi terbanyak pada kelompok umur 5-10 tahun adalah 20 orang. Hanya 49 kaus (56,98%) yang terkontrol dengan obat. Jika berdasarkan penyakit sistemik lainnya, terbanyak dengan diabetes melitus 33,72%. Berdasarkan faktor resiko yang didapat dislipidemia merupakan faktor resiko terbanyak yaitu 50 orang (44,64%). Diikuti 33 orang (29,46%) perokok. Distribusi BMI didapatkan normal pada38 orang (44,19%). Pasien yang tidak melakukan olahraga sebanyak 60 orang (69,76%). Kesimpulan:Retinopati hipertensi KW II adalah kasus yang paling banyak ditemukan dengan riwayat hipertensi selama 5-10 tahun. Faktor risiko utamaadalahdislipidemiadanumur rata-rata yaitu 51-60 tahun. Kata kunci: Hipertensi, retinopati hipertensi, klasifikasi Keith-Wagener AbstractPurpose : Hypertensive retinopathy is condition characterized by a spectrum of retinal vascular signs in people with elevated blood pressure. Hypertensive retinal vascular signs can be broadly classified into arteriolar changes and more advanced retinopathy lesions. Objective : To describe hypertensive retinopathy profile at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital PadangMethods: All of patient known as hypertension from Internal Departement were looked for hypertensive retinopathy at out patient clinic of ophthalmology departement in July-September 2012. Result : Of the 86 patients, 38 cases (44,18%) had hypertensive retinopathy Keith-Wagener grade II, 23,6% had grade I, 18,6% had no sign hypertensive retinopathy, and had no grade IV. A total of 86 patients (40 male, 46 female) with age group was 51-60 yo for 34 cases. The average historical of hypertension for 5-10 years is 20 cases. Only 49 cases (56,98%) had hipertensive controlled by drugs. Another most common sistemic disease history is diabetes mellitus 33,72% while the most common risk factor is dyslipidemia 50(44,64%) follow by smoking 33 (29,46%). The BMI in average patient is normal 38(44,19%). Commonly, the patients didn't do exercise 60 (69,76%). Conclusion : Hypertensive retinopathy KW II is the most cases found with the historical hypertension for 5-10 years. The most common risk factor is dyslipidemia and the average age is 51-60 yo.

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a crisis that will test the company's commitment to ethical business conduct. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, health and society has increased sharply. Based on stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory and literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR), this paper attempts to explore how corporate responses to the COVID-19 pandemic support key stakeholders such as employees, customers and society as a whole through its CSR initiatives. The results of this paper are that corporations can show respect for their employees and focus on management relationships between companies, customers and communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This will have significant theoretical implications and practical implications on corporate duties to employees, customers and society and future research on CSR as a competitive force for business even after the economic recession following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cataract surgery causes changes in intraocular conditions that are a risk factor for retinal detachment. One of the conditions that can occur during cataract surgery is posterior capsule rupture which can increase the risk of pseudophakic retinal detachment (PRD). PRD examination is often obstructed by opacification of the posterior capsule, a reflection of the intraocular lens (IOL), or poor mydriasis. Scleral buckle, pneumatic retinopexy, and primary pars plana vitrectomy, with or without a combination of the scleral buckle, are surgical techniques used in the management of PRD patients. Anatomical and functional postoperative success rates in PRD patients were found to be higher after primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without a scleral buckle. This literature review aims to discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and management of PRD.