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The study was conducted to compare the engineering properties of Indian quinoa seeds with increase in moisture content. Close dependency of the properties on moisture content was observed. Two germplasms of quinoa IC-411824 and EC-507739 were investigated. The results showed that the principal dimensions of EC-507739 were higher than those of IC-411824. With an increase in moisture mean values of true density increased from 993 to 1166 kg m-3 for EC-507739 and from 984 to 1097 kg m-3 for IC-411824. Coefficient of friction showed an increase of 16.29, 16.00, and 18.93% against glass, galvanized iron and wood respectively in case of IC-411824. However, for EC-507739 increase of 19.12, 22.73, and 23.21% was observed against glass, galvanized iron and wood respectively. Mechanical properties were higher for EC-507739 than IC-411824 and decreased with increase in moisture content for both the varieties. Mechanical behavior of seed can be used in designing of grinding machines. K e y w o r d s: Indian quinoa seeds, physical properties, rupture force, rupture energy

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), came as a significant health care challenge for humans in 2019-20. Based on recent laboratory and epidemiological studies, a growing list of mutations in the virus has the potential to enhance its transmission or help it evade the immune response. To further compound the problems, there are considerable challenges to the availability of effective, affordable, safe vaccines on a mass scale. These impediments have led some to explore additional options available in traditional medicines, especially immune-boosting natural products. Saffron has been used for centuries to treat fever, bronchitis, cold and other immune, respiratory disorders. Herein, we discuss the potential role of saffron during and after COVID-19 infection, focusing on immunomodulation, respiratory, renal, and cardiovascular functions. As a nutraceutical or drug supplement, it can alleviate the magnitude of COVID-19 symptoms in patients. The antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and other medicinal properties attributed to saffron bioactive compounds can help in both pre-and post-infection management strategies. The abnormalities associated with COVID-19 survivors include anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Saffron can help manage these post-hospitalization abnormalities (sub-acute and chronic) too, owing to its anti-depressant property. It can help common people boost immunity and manage depression, stress and anxiety caused due to prolonged lockdown, isolation or quarantine.